Rhinoceros (Rhino)

Source:  TH Subject:  Species in News Context: A recent international study shows that rhino dehorning has reduced poaching by nearly 75–78% in African reserves, offering a cost-effective conservation tool. About Rhinoceros (Rhino): What it is? The rhinoceros is a large, herbivorous mammal belonging to the family Rhinocerotidae. It is one of the oldest surviving megafauna, …

Institutionalising Animal Representation

Source:  TH Context: A nationwide letter-petition movement urged the Supreme Court to strengthen animal protection laws and institutional representation. About Institutionalising Animal Representation: Status of the Human–Animal Divide: Modern democracy is built on an anthropocentric divide where only humans are political subjects, leaving animals reduced to property without any voice or representation. Democratic institutions view …

‘23for23’ Initiative

Source:  PIB Context: India celebrated International Snow Leopard Day (October 23, 2025) with the nationwide ‘#23for23’ campaign. Government also unveiled the first-ever national Snow Leopard Census, recording 718 individuals across the Indian Himalayas. About ‘23for23’ Initiative: What it is? A nationwide awareness campaign launched by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) to …

Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

Source:  IE Context: The Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) has implemented an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) across key elephant corridors to prevent elephant deaths caused by train collisions. About Intrusion Detection System (IDS): What it is? An AI- and sensor-based surveillance mechanism that uses optical fibre cables to detect movement of elephants or other wildlife near …

Madhav National Park

Source:  TOI Context: The Madhav National Park in Madhya Pradesh has been declared India’s 58th Tiger Reserve and the 9th in the state. About Madhav National Park: Location: Shivpuri district, Chambal region, Madhya Pradesh. Established: 1958. Area Covered: 354 sq km. Flora and Fauna: Dry deciduous forest with teak, sal, and dhok trees; home to …

International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)

Context: The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) has officially come into force as a treaty-based intergovernmental organization with its headquarters in India. The alliance has received ratifications from India, Nicaragua, Eswatini, Somalia, and Liberia. About International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA): Launched: April 9, 2023, by Prime Minister of India during Project Tiger’s 50th anniversary. Headquarters: India …

African Elephant

Source:  TH Context: A comprehensive study covering 52 years has revealed a dramatic decline in African elephant populations, with savannah elephants experiencing a 70% decrease and forest elephants suffering a 90% decline. About African Elephants: Classification: Largest land animals, native to Sub-Saharan Africa. Two subspecies: African Bush Elephant (Loxodonta africana) and African Forest Elephant (Loxodonta …

Eurasian Otter

Source:  IE Context: A rescue operation conducted by the Pune Forest Department and RESQ Charitable Trust has revealed a rare Eurasian Otter in Indapur, Pune District, a species previously unrecorded in this area. About Eurasian Otter: Scientific name: Lutra lutra Habitat: Found in streams, rivers, lakes, freshwater and peat swamps, ocean shores, and rice fields; …