“The executive in India derives legitimacy from legislative confidence but increasingly exercises dominance over the law-making process”. Assess the constitutional relationship between the executive and the legislature. Evaluate the factors leading to executive dominance. Suggest measures to restore institutional balance.

Topic: Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning Q4. “The executive in India derives legitimacy from legislative confidence but increasingly exercises dominance over the law-making process”. Assess the constitutional relationship between the executive and the legislature. Evaluate the factors leading to executive dominance. Suggest measures to restore institutional balance. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Easy Reference: …

“The Indian Constitution represents a synthesis of borrowed principles and indigenous political experience.” Examine the historical sources that shaped the Constitution. Evaluate how these influences contributed to its adaptability.

Topic: Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution. Q3. “The Indian Constitution represents a synthesis of borrowed principles and indigenous political experience.” Examine the historical sources that shaped the Constitution. Evaluate how these influences contributed to its adaptability. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question The historical evolution of the Indian Constitution, especially how …

Discuss the need for a new federal compact in India. Assess the structural weaknesses in the existing Centre–State framework. Suggest constitutional and institutional reforms.

Topic: Issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, Q3. Discuss the need for a new federal compact in India. Assess the structural weaknesses in the existing Centre–State framework. Suggest constitutional and institutional reforms. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: IE Why the question Debates around centralisation, fiscal federalism, Governor’s role and post-2026 delimitation have …

UPSC Editorial Analysis: The High Seas Treaty under UNCLOS

General Studies-2; Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.   Introduction Oceans cover about 70% of the Earth’s surface, but governance beyond national jurisdictions has long been weak. The High Seas Treaty, formally known as the Agreement under UNCLOS on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond …

Evaluate how protectionist policies in developed countries affect India’s diaspora. What are the implications for India’s diplomatic leverage?

Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests Q4. Evaluate how protectionist policies in developed countries affect India’s diaspora. What are the implications for India’s diplomatic leverage? (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: IE Why the question Recent protectionist visa and immigration policies in developed nations like the US, …

Assess how performance evaluation of judges can contribute to improving judicial efficiency in India. Discuss limitations of disposal-rate based metrics. Propose holistic benchmarks aligned with constitutional values of justice.

Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Q3. Assess how performance evaluation of judges can contribute to improving judicial efficiency in India. Discuss limitations of disposal-rate based metrics. Propose holistic benchmarks aligned with constitutional values of justice. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: TH Why the question In the backdrop of …