Examine the implications of India’s stagnating R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP. Discuss why private sector participation remains limited despite policy intent. Suggest policy and governance measures to crowd-in private R&D.

Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education Q3. Examine the implications of India’s stagnating R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP. Discuss why private sector participation remains limited despite policy intent. Suggest policy and governance measures to crowd-in private R&D. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: TH Why …

Investments in fundamental science shape a nation’s technological and strategic future. Examine this statement in the Indian context. Analyse the challenges in sustaining such investments. Suggest measures to align India’s science funding architecture with its long-term technological and strategic objectives.

Topic: Science and Tech Q5. Investments in fundamental science shape a nation’s technological and strategic future. Examine this statement in the Indian context. Analyse the challenges in sustaining such investments. Suggest measures to align India’s science funding architecture with its long-term technological and strategic objectives. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question …