“Record sea-surface temperatures cannot be explained by greenhouse warming alone.” Explain the role of ocean–atmosphere interactions in producing large-scale SST anomalies. Examine how El Niño can amplify such anomalies.

Topic: changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes Q1. “Record sea-surface temperatures cannot be explained by greenhouse warming alone.” Explain the role of ocean–atmosphere interactions in producing large-scale SST anomalies. Examine how El Niño can amplify such anomalies. (10 M) Difficulty Level: …

Explain the mechanism of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Analyse its interaction with ENSO and its implications for the Indian summer monsoon.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography. Q2. Explain the mechanism of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Analyse its interaction with ENSO and its implications for the Indian summer monsoon. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: TH Why the question The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is in the news due to concerns over its interaction …

Examine the causes and characteristics of Super El Niño events. Analyse their impacts on global climate and extreme weather patterns.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography. Q1. Examine the causes and characteristics of Super El Niño events. Analyse their impacts on global climate and extreme weather patterns. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: NDTV Why the question Increasing frequency of extreme climatic events and recent projections of a possible strong El Niño make understanding …

Discuss the role of marine heatwaves in shaping the intensity and destructiveness of tropical cyclones. Analyse their impact on coastal ecosystems. Suggest measures for climate-resilient coastal planning.

Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., Q1. Discuss the role of marine heatwaves in shaping the intensity and destructiveness of tropical cyclones. Analyse their impact on coastal ecosystems. Suggest measures for climate-resilient coastal planning. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: DTE Why the question Growing scientific evidence linking marine …