“In an era of geopolitical fragmentation, middle powers are increasingly shaping the global agenda through strategic partnerships.” Evaluate the relevance of India–Germany cooperation in this context.

Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Q4. “In an era of geopolitical fragmentation, middle powers are increasingly shaping the global agenda through strategic partnerships.” Evaluate the relevance of India–Germany cooperation in this context. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: TH Why the question Growing geopolitical fragmentation, regional …

“The growing use of unilateral sanctions reflects the increasing fragmentation of the international order.” Explain the trend. Evaluate its impact on developing countries such as India.

Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests Q4. “The growing use of unilateral sanctions reflects the increasing fragmentation of the international order.” Explain the trend. Evaluate its impact on developing countries such as India. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: TH Why the question The increasing use of …

“BRICS seeks reform of global governance institutions without seeking to replace them.” Examine the significance of this approach for developing countries.

Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Q4. “BRICS seeks reform of global governance institutions without seeking to replace them.” Examine the significance of this approach for developing countries. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: TH Why the question BRICS expansion and growing calls for reform of global …

“The erosion of international law reflects the growing tension between power politics and normative order.” Examine the factors contributing to the weakening of international legal norms and the consequences for international stability. Suggest measures to strengthen the rules-based order.

Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Q4. “The erosion of international law reflects the growing tension between power politics and normative order.” Examine the factors contributing to the weakening of international legal norms and the consequences for international stability. Suggest measures to strengthen the rules-based order. (15 …

“Great-power competition often constrains the strategic choices of middle powers.” Analyse the implications of U.S.-China rivalry for India’s foreign policy. Discuss the opportunities and limitations arising from it.

Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Q4. “Great-power competition often constrains the strategic choices of middle powers.” Analyse the implications of U.S.-China rivalry for India’s foreign policy. Discuss the opportunities and limitations arising from it. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: IE Why the question The intensifying …

Explain the significance of India’s growing engagement with the Arctic region. How can cooperation with Nordic countries advance India’s climate and strategic interests?

Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Q4. Explain the significance of India’s growing engagement with the Arctic region. How can cooperation with Nordic countries advance India’s climate and strategic interests? (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: IE Why the question Due to increasing geopolitical competition and climate …

Evaluate the impact of geopolitical rivalries within BRICS on its long-term effectiveness. How can India contribute towards preserving strategic coherence within the bloc?

Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Q4. Evaluate the impact of geopolitical rivalries within BRICS on its long-term effectiveness. How can India contribute towards preserving strategic coherence within the bloc? (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: NIE Why the question The growing expansion of BRICS, internal geopolitical …

“Targeting civilian infrastructure during conflicts undermines the norms of international humanitarian law.” Examine this assertion. Assess the challenges in enforcing such norms.

Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests Q4. “Targeting civilian infrastructure during conflicts undermines the norms of international humanitarian law.” Examine this assertion. Assess the challenges in enforcing such norms. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: NIE Why the question Rising instances of attacks on civilian infrastructure in …

Discuss the ethical issues involved in foreign aid conditionalities. How can recipient countries balance development needs with sovereignty?

Q6. Discuss the ethical issues involved in foreign aid conditionalities. How can recipient countries balance development needs with sovereignty? (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question Rising debates on conditional aid, debt crises, and ethical governance in global development. Key Demand of the question The question requires identification of ethical dilemmas in …

“Peace cannot be reduced to treaties and trade agreements. It requires a deeper societal and cultural engagement”. Elucidate.

Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests Q3. “Peace cannot be reduced to treaties and trade agreements. It requires a deeper societal and cultural engagement”. Elucidate. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: NIE Why the question Growing global conflicts and the limits of treaty-based diplomacy have revived debates …

Examine the emerging tensions between development finance and climate commitments in global institutions. Assess their implications for international cooperation.

Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate Q3. Examine the emerging tensions between development finance and climate commitments in global institutions. Assess their implications for international cooperation. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: DTE Why the question Recent global developments such as IMF–World Bank Spring Meetings 2026 highlight growing divergence between development …

Describe the structural limitations of the UNSC in addressing modern conflicts. Analyse how these limitations affect its effectiveness.

Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate. Q4. Describe the structural limitations of the UNSC in addressing modern conflicts. Analyse how these limitations affect its effectiveness. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: IE Why the question Recent global conflicts and UNSC deadlocks highlight structural weaknesses in maintaining international peace and security. Key …

“The militarisation of international relations undermines cooperative security frameworks.” Assess its impact on global peace mechanisms. Analyse its implications for conflict resolution.

Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests. Q4. “The militarisation of international relations undermines cooperative security frameworks.” Assess its impact on global peace mechanisms. Analyse its implications for conflict resolution. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: NIE Why the question Rising global militarisation and weakening multilateralism are reshaping …

Examine the implications of the expansion of BRICS for global governance. Analyse its significance for India’s economic and strategic interests. Suggest how India should shape its role within the grouping.

Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Q4. Examine the implications of the expansion of BRICS for global governance. Analyse its significance for India’s economic and strategic interests. Suggest how India should shape its role within the grouping. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question …

Examine the evolving role of regional and plurilateral groupings in global governance. Analyse their relevance for India’s foreign policy. Suggest how India should prioritise its engagements.

Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Q4. Examine the evolving role of regional and plurilateral groupings in global governance. Analyse their relevance for India’s foreign policy. Suggest how India should prioritise its engagements. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question To assess understanding of …

UNEP FI Impact Centre

Context: UNEP Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) has launched the UNEP FI Impact Centre, consolidating its SDGs & Impact workstream into a dedicated centre of expertise. About UNEP FI Impact Centre: What it is? The UNEP FI Impact Centre is a specialised centre of expertise under the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) focused …

Evaluate the evolving role of alternative multilateral platforms in a fragmented global order. Discuss their interaction with the United Nations. Assess whether they complement or compete with the UN system.

Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate. Q3. Evaluate the evolving role of alternative multilateral platforms in a fragmented global order. Discuss their interaction with the United Nations. Assess whether they complement or compete with the UN system. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: NIE Why the question Growing fragmentation of the …

UNESCO Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Alliance

Source:  UNESCO Subject:  International Organisation Context: The UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Alliance has announced the election of its first-ever Global Board, marking a major milestone in its institutional governance. About UNESCO Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Alliance: What it is? The MIL Alliance is a global collaborative network coordinated by UNESCO, bringing together organisations …

The proposed Board of Peace reflects an attempt at alternative multilateralism rather than an outright rejection of the existing multilateral order. Examine the validity of this statement. Analyse its implications for global governance institutions. Also discuss the considerations that should guide India’s engagement with such initiatives.

Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests Q3. The proposed Board of Peace reflects an attempt at alternative multilateralism rather than an outright rejection of the existing multilateral order. Examine the validity of this statement. Analyse its implications for global governance institutions. Also discuss the considerations that should …

Responsible Nations Index

Context: The World Intellectual Foundation (WIF) will launch the Responsible Nations Index (RNI), in collaboration with JNU, IIM Mumbai and Dr Ambedkar International Centre. About Responsible Nations Index: What it is? The Responsible Nations Index is a global ranking framework that evaluates how responsibly countries govern their societies, protect the environment, and contribute to global …