Tag: ENSO

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How has the Southern Oscillation enhanced the understanding of the Indian monsoon? Assess its significance for weather forecasting.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography. Q2. How has the Southern Oscillation enhanced the understanding of the Indian monsoon? Assess its significance for weather forecasting. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: IE Why the question The Southern Oscillation is one of the most important atmospheric phenomena influencing the Indian monsoon and laid the foundation …

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Discuss the climatological factors governing the onset and advancement of the Southwest Monsoon. Analyse the causes of inter-annual monsoon variability. Evaluate its implications for regional development in India.

Topic: Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent); Q2. Discuss the climatological factors governing the onset and advancement of the Southwest Monsoon. Analyse the causes of inter-annual monsoon variability. Evaluate its implications for regional development in India. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: DTE Why the question …

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Examine the causes and characteristics of Super El Niño events. Analyse their impacts on global climate and extreme weather patterns.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography. Q1. Examine the causes and characteristics of Super El Niño events. Analyse their impacts on global climate and extreme weather patterns. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: NDTV Why the question Increasing frequency of extreme climatic events and recent projections of a possible strong El Niño make understanding …

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Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the Pacific exert a disproportionate influence on the Indian monsoon system. Elucidate.

Topic: changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes) Q1. Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the Pacific exert a disproportionate influence on the Indian monsoon system. Elucidate. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: NIE Why the question Recent monsoon forecasts indicating possible El Niño conditions …

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Explain the geographical processes responsible for coastal landforms in India. Analyse the impact of sea-level rise on coastal ecosystems. Suggest strategies for climate-resilient coastal planning.

Topic: Indian Geography Q2. Explain the geographical processes responsible for coastal landforms in India. Analyse the impact of sea-level rise on coastal ecosystems. Suggest strategies for climate-resilient coastal planning. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question Growing scientific evidence shows that global ocean–atmosphere teleconnections such as ENSO, IOD and Atlantic warming are …

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Explain the relationship between El Niño and the Walker circulation. How does its weakening affect tropical rainfall belts?

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography. Q2. Explain the relationship between El Niño and the Walker circulation. How does its weakening affect tropical rainfall belts? (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: DTE Why the question ENSO-related variability is increasingly influencing monsoon predictability, tropical rainfall distribution, and climate risk assessments, making the El Niño–Walker circulation …

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El Niño

Source:  DTE Subject:  Geography Context: Climate models and ocean observations show early signals of a possible El Niño return in 2026, as warming in the equatorial Pacific weakens La Niña conditions. About El Niño: What it is? El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), marked by abnormal warming of surface …

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Describe the mechanism of the Indian monsoon system. How do global phenomena such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) influence its dynamics?

Topic: Indian Monsoons Q1. Describe the mechanism of the Indian monsoon system. How do global phenomena such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) influence its dynamics? (15 M) Difficulty Level: Easy Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question The Indian monsoon remains central to India’s agriculture and economy, and its variability …

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El Niño

Source:  DH Context: A new study shows El Niño raises the probability of extreme daily rainfall across central India by nearly 50%, even though it suppresses overall monsoon rainfall, raising fresh concerns about flood hazards and climate resilience planning. About El Niño: What It Is? El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern …

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Discuss the horizontal and vertical distribution of ocean temperature and its impact on ocean currents. Also evaluate its role in global climatic systems.

Topic: Temperature distribution Q2. Discuss the horizontal and vertical distribution of ocean temperature and its impact on ocean currents. Also evaluate its role in global climatic systems. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question Rising ocean heat content and increasing frequency of El Niño, marine heatwaves, and cyclone intensification have made ocean …

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How do oceanic and atmospheric factors collectively influence the Indian summer monsoon? Why are sub-continental parameters becoming increasingly decisive?

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography. Q2. How do oceanic and atmospheric factors collectively influence the Indian summer monsoon? Why are sub-continental parameters becoming increasingly decisive? (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: TH Why the question The 2025 IMD monsoon forecast, highlights both traditional oceanic indicators and rising importance of regional factors like snow …

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La Niña

Source:  TH Context: La Niña, a critical phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), significantly influences global and regional weather patterns, including India’s monsoons and winters. Its delayed onset in 2024 has led to varied climatic effects. About La Niña: What it is: A cooling phase of the Pacific Ocean, characterized by lower-than-average sea …

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El Niño likely to bring extreme weather across the world

GS Paper 1  Syllabus: Important Geophysical Phenomena   Source: HT  Context: According to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), the world should prepare for the development of El Niño, which is often associated with increased heat, drought or rainfall in different parts of the world.   Background: La Niña has now ended after persisting for three …

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El Nino and Monsoon

GS Paper 1  Syllabus: Important Geophysical Phenomena   Source: HT  Context: According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), there is nearly a 70% probability of an El Nino developing this monsoon. Understanding La Nina and El Nino:   Summary of the 2023 Southwest Monsoon Season Rainfall: According to the IMD, the country as a whole …

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El Niño:

GS Paper 1: Topics Covered: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.   Context: The southwest monsoon is likely to be “normal” in 2022, though rainfall in August, the second rainiest month, will likely be subdued, according to the private weather company Skymet.   Key findings: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram …

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Interaction between La Niña and the warm Arctic:

GS Paper 1: Topics Covered: Important Geographical phenomenon.   Context: The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) declared the season’s first heat wave and severe heat wave March 11 and the first depression March 3. Experts say this is early compared to previous years and may be because of an unexpected climatic anomaly which could, in turn, …

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What is La Niña?

GS Paper 1 Topics Covered: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.   Context: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) recently declared that La Niña has re-developed. Consecutive La Ninas following a transition through ENSO neutral conditions are not uncommon and can be referred to as a “Double-Dip.”   Background: El …

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Impact of climate change on El Niño-Southern Oscillation:

GS Paper 1 Topics Covered: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.   Context: There is a growing body of research suggesting that climate change can cause extreme and more frequent El Niño and La Niña events. A study was conducted recently on this using one of South Korea’s fastest supercomputers,   …

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