Tag: El Nino

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“Record sea-surface temperatures cannot be explained by greenhouse warming alone.” Explain the role of ocean–atmosphere interactions in producing large-scale SST anomalies. Examine how El Niño can amplify such anomalies.

Topic: changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes Q1. “Record sea-surface temperatures cannot be explained by greenhouse warming alone.” Explain the role of ocean–atmosphere interactions in producing large-scale SST anomalies. Examine how El Niño can amplify such anomalies. (10 M) Difficulty Level: …

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UPSC Editorial Analysis: Climate Change as a Universal Threat

General Studies-3; Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment. Introduction The simultaneous occurrence of fatal floods in Mumbai (India) and record-breaking heatwaves in London (UK) illustrates a critical shift in global climate dynamics: climate change no longer distinguishes between developed and developing nations. While developed economies face infrastructure paralysis and heat-related mortality, developing …

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Examine the implications of declining kharif sowing for India’s food security and rural economy. Analyse the major factors responsible for such declines. Suggest measures to minimise production risks.

Topic: Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent); Q2. Examine the implications of declining kharif sowing for India’s food security and rural economy. Analyse the major factors responsible for such declines. Suggest measures to minimise production risks. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: DTE Why the question …

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Explain the mechanism of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Analyse its interaction with ENSO and its implications for the Indian summer monsoon.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography. Q2. Explain the mechanism of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Analyse its interaction with ENSO and its implications for the Indian summer monsoon. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: TH Why the question The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is in the news due to concerns over its interaction …

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India’s Poor Monsoon and Preparedness

Source: IESubject: Critical Geographical Features Context: Despite a mild revival in rainfall activity toward the end of June 2026, severe structural deficits in the monsoon's early-season coverage have raised widespread concerns over a prolonged dry season. The IMD reports that nearly 75% of India's landmass is currently experiencing an acute rainfall deficiency exceeding 20%. India's …

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UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 13 June 2026

India’s disability welfare system needs reform through a universal disability pension to ensure equal treatment, dignity, and social security for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs). AI data centers, while boosting digital growth, are raising concerns over excessive water, energy use, and environmental degradation. The Supreme Court-appointed National Task Force highlighted student suicides as a systemic issue …

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The El Niño

Source: NIESubject: Geography Context: The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has officially confirmed the return of El Niño conditions over the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The El Niño About The El Niño: What It Is? El Niño (Spanish for "The Boy Child") is the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a major global climate …

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How has the Southern Oscillation enhanced the understanding of the Indian monsoon? Assess its significance for weather forecasting.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography. Q2. How has the Southern Oscillation enhanced the understanding of the Indian monsoon? Assess its significance for weather forecasting. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: IE Why the question The Southern Oscillation is one of the most important atmospheric phenomena influencing the Indian monsoon and laid the foundation …

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“El Niño Modoki challenges many of the conventional assumptions associated with the impacts of El Niño.” Examine the distinguishing features of El Niño Modoki. Analyse its influence on the Indian monsoon and its implications for climate prediction.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography Q2. “El Niño Modoki challenges many of the conventional assumptions associated with the impacts of El Niño.” Examine the distinguishing features of El Niño Modoki. Analyse its influence on the Indian monsoon and its implications for climate prediction. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question …

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Discuss the causes behind the increasing vulnerability of Indian metropolitan cities to water shortages. How does climate variability aggravate the problem? Suggest suitable mitigation strategies.

Topic: urbanization, their problems and their remedies Q2. Discuss the causes behind the increasing vulnerability of Indian metropolitan cities to water shortages. How does climate variability aggravate the problem? Suggest suitable mitigation strategies. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: IE Why the question The increasing vulnerability of Indian metropolitan cities to water scarcity due to …

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The warming of extra-polar oceans has transformed sea surface temperature anomalies into a major driver of atmospheric instability. Explain the relationship between sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation. Discuss its influence on precipitation extremes.

Topic: changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes. Q2. The warming of extra-polar oceans has transformed sea surface temperature anomalies into a major driver of atmospheric instability. Explain the relationship between sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation. Discuss its influence on precipitation …

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The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)

Source: IESubject: Geography Context: New research indicates the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) could weaken by up to 59% by 2100, far more severely than previous estimates of 15%. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) About The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC): What it is? The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a vast system …

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Examine the causes and characteristics of Super El Niño events. Analyse their impacts on global climate and extreme weather patterns.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography. Q1. Examine the causes and characteristics of Super El Niño events. Analyse their impacts on global climate and extreme weather patterns. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: NDTV Why the question Increasing frequency of extreme climatic events and recent projections of a possible strong El Niño make understanding …

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El Nino

Source:  IT Subject:  Geography Context: Researchers at Duke University have identified that ocean salinity can amplify the intensity of El Niño by approximately 20%. About El Nino: What it is? El Niño (meaning “Little Boy” in Spanish) is a recurring climate pattern characterized by the unusual warming of surface waters in the central and eastern …

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Explain the relationship between El Niño and the Walker circulation. How does its weakening affect tropical rainfall belts?

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography. Q2. Explain the relationship between El Niño and the Walker circulation. How does its weakening affect tropical rainfall belts? (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: DTE Why the question ENSO-related variability is increasingly influencing monsoon predictability, tropical rainfall distribution, and climate risk assessments, making the El Niño–Walker circulation …

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El Niño

Source:  DTE Subject:  Geography Context: Climate models and ocean observations show early signals of a possible El Niño return in 2026, as warming in the equatorial Pacific weakens La Niña conditions. About El Niño: What it is? El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), marked by abnormal warming of surface …

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Examine the major physical and climatic factors behind the recent surge in global wildfires. Evaluate their implications for global food and water security.

Topic: changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes. Q2. Examine the major physical and climatic factors behind the recent surge in global wildfires. Evaluate their implications for global food and water security. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Easy Reference: DTE Why the question: …

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El Niño

Source:  DH Context: A new study shows El Niño raises the probability of extreme daily rainfall across central India by nearly 50%, even though it suppresses overall monsoon rainfall, raising fresh concerns about flood hazards and climate resilience planning. About El Niño: What It Is? El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern …

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Drought Hotspots Around the World 2023-2025

Syllabus: Environment Source:  UNCCD Context: The UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the U.S. National Drought Mitigation Centre released a Drought Hotspots Around the World 2023-2025 report highlighting intensifying drought hotspots between 2023–2025. Key Summary of Report Drought Hotspots Around the World 2023-2025: Global Escalation: Droughts have intensified across Africa, the Mediterranean, Latin America, …

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