Source: TH Subject: Disaster Management Context: Researchers have highlighted a critical legislative vacuum where 57% of Indian districts are now heat-prone, yet outdoor informal workers remain excluded from national safety laws. About The Legislative Vacuum in India’s Heat Crisis: What it is? The legislative vacuum refers to the absence of binding, enforceable laws that protect …
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Topic: Disaster management Q6. Evaluate the role of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in strengthening disaster resilience in India. Highlight its limitations. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question Rising frequency and intensity of disasters due to climate change and urban vulnerabilities have made institutional effectiveness of NDMA a critical issue in …
Source: ABP Subject: Geography/Disaster Management Context: Massive avalanches struck the Sonamarg tourist resort in Jammu and Kashmir, engulfing buildings and vehicles following heavy snowfall that disrupted the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway and forced the cancellation of all flights. About Sonamarg Avalanche: What is an Avalanche? An avalanche is a rapid downslope movement of a large detached …
Topic: Changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes. Q2. Describe the geographical factors influencing the occurrence of forest fires in Himalayan regions. Evaluate why fire control operations are particularly challenging in such terrains. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: NIE Why the …
Source: BS Subject: Mapping Context: Australia’s south eastern state of Victoria is facing severe bushfires, with authorities issuing a “catastrophic” fire danger rating amid temperatures crossing 40°C. About Victoria State: What it is? Victoria is a state in southeastern Australia, known for its diverse landscapes, economic importance, and political influence. It is the second-most populous …
Topic: Disaster & Disaster management Q6. Analyse the changing pattern of disasters in India. Examine the implications for disaster management planning. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question In the context of increasing climate variability, rapid urbanisation and recent high-impact disasters, which are exposing limitations of India’s response-centric disaster management framework. Key …
Source: DTE Subject: Geography Context: Two potential cyclonic storms are forming in the Bay of Bengal, with global forecast models indicating a possible Fujiwhara interaction between them. About Fujiwhara Effect: What is the Fujiwhara Effect? A rare meteorological phenomenon where two nearby cyclonic systems begin to rotate around a common centre due to interaction of …
Syllabus: Climate & Geography Source: TH Context: The Himalayas are witnessing an alarming rise in climate-induced disasters—from floods and landslides to glacial lake bursts—prompting scientists to call for robust early warning systems (EWS) across the fragile mountain range to reduce loss of life and property. About Setting Up an Early Warning System (EWS) for the …
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Topic: Infrastructure Q6. Ageing dams are time bombs that demand prevention, not compensation. Highlight the challenges in ensuring structural and operational safety of dams. Suggest key reforms. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: NIE Why the question: Supreme Court scrutiny of ageing structures like Mullaperiyar, highlighting structural risks, institutional weaknesses, and the need for preventive …
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena Q1. Describe the working principles of a Multi-Hazard Early Warning System. Explain how such systems contribute to regional disaster risk reduction in India. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: PIB Why the question: The scientific working, institutional mechanisms, and geographical implications of India’s Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems and their role in …
Syllabus: Disaster Management Source: TH Context: India is strengthening its disaster resilience framework using science-based, nature-driven, and finance-linked strategies, guided by the Prime Minister’s 10-Point Agenda on Disaster Risk Reduction (2016) and the 15th Finance Commission’s ₹2.28-lakh-crore allocation for disaster management (2021-26). About India’s Direction for Disaster Resilience: Institutional and Policy Framework Home Ministry & …
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Topic: Disaster and disaster management Q6. “Slow-onset disasters like underground coalfield fires expose the limitations of India’s disaster governance framework”. Evaluate strategies for managing such chronic risks. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: DTE Why the question The Jharia coalfield fires and similar slow-onset disasters highlight governance gaps in India’s disaster management system, making it …
Topic: Disaster management Q2. Disasters in India are often less “natural” and more a consequence of unplanned development. Illustrate with recent examples and suggest reforms needed in developmental planning. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question Because disasters in India increasingly expose how developmental choices like urbanisation, deforestation, and faulty planning convert …
Topic: Disaster management Q1. What are the primary geophysical causes of earthquakes in the Indian subcontinent? How do anthropogenic activities contribute to seismic risk? Assess India’s preparedness in mapping and monitoring high-risk zones. (15 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question India lies in one of the most active seismic zones of the …
Topic: Disaster and disaster management Q6. Examine the challenges of inter-governmental coordination in disaster governance. Outline the institutional reforms required for a holistic and integrated approach. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: TH Why the question Recent notifications assigning disaster tasks to various Ministries highlight the issue of fragmented responsibilities and the urgent need for …
Source: ET Context: The Philippines has halted work and classes as Super Typhoon Ragasa barrels toward northern Luzon with winds up to 250 km/h. About Super Typhoon Ragasa: What It Is? A Category 5 Super Typhoon with sustained winds of 205 km/h and gusts up to 250 km/h. Locally called “Nando”, it is one of …
Topic : Tsunamis Q2. “Tsunamis are geological in origin but increasingly socio-economic in impact”. Examine the causative factors of tsunamis. Assess their consequences for coastal settlements. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: InsightsIAS Why the question In the backdrop of recurring tsunami events like the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and subsequent focus on coastal vulnerability …
Source: DTE Context: Kerala’s Wayanad landslide (July 2024) has been described as a “grey rhino event” by scientists in the report Sliding Earth, Scattered Lives (Sept 2025), highlighting how policymakers ignored years of warnings about ecological fragility and rainfall risks. About Grey Rhino Event: What it is? A “grey rhino” is a highly probable, high-impact …
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment, Disaster and disaster management Q6. “Climate change is not only intensifying wildfires but also compounding post-fire hydrological hazards”. Examine this dual risk. Assess its implications for disaster management. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: DTE Why the question Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity …
Contents Distinguish between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with special reference to India. Why is the IHDI considered a better indicator of inclusive growth? (10 M) What are the challenges before the Indian economy when the world is moving away from free trade and multilateralism to protectionism and …
