Tag: Antimicrobial resistance

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The drug-resistant fungal species Candida auris

Source:  DD News Subject: Science and Technology Context: An Indian-led study has warned that Candida auris, a drug-resistant fungal pathogen, is becoming more virulent and spreading globally, with high mortality even after treatment. About The drug-resistant fungal species Candida auris: What it is? Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that causes severe invasive infections, …

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Evo AI Model

Source:  DD News Context: Stanford University scientists, with the Arc Institute, have used AI (Evo) to design new viruses that kill harmful bacteria. About Evo AI Model: What It Is? Foundation Model for Genomics: Evo is a large AI model trained on microbial and viral genetic sequences. Functions like a “ChatGPT for DNA,” predicting, designing, …

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Insect-Based Livestock Feed

Source:  Context: Indian researchers and ICAR institutes are scaling up insect-based livestock feed to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and lower the environmental impact of conventional animal farming. About Insect-Based Livestock Feed: What it is? Feed prepared from nutritious insect species such as black soldier flies, crickets, mealworms, and grasshoppers, used as a sustainable protein source …

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Bacterial Infections in India

Context: According to a Lancet Infectious Diseases study, only 8% of bacterial infections in India in 2019 were treated appropriately. About Bacterial Infections in India: What Are Bacterial Infections? Caused by harmful bacteria entering the body, often leading to illnesses such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, or urinary tract infections. Require timely and correct antibiotic treatment …

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Explain how antimicrobial growth promoters’ function in animal production. Discuss why their continued use poses a risk to global public health.

Topic: Bio-technology Q5. Explain how antimicrobial growth promoters’ function in animal production. Discuss why their continued use poses a risk to global public health. (10 M) Difficulty Level: Medium Reference: IE Why the question: India’s recent FSSAI ban on antibiotics in food production and rising AMR cases globally have made it urgent to understand the …

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Global Antibiotic Shortages

Syllabus: Health Source:  DTE  Context: The World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), has highlighted the urgent issue of global antibiotic shortages. Antibiotic Shortage: Global Data and Examples Global Burden: In 2019, AMR directly caused 1.27 million deaths and was associated with 4.95 million more (Source: Lancet, …

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Antimicrobial Resistance

Syllabus: Health Source:  DTE Context: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) poses a grave threat to human, animal, and environmental health worldwide, including India. Despite advancements in medical sciences, AMR challenges global health progress, with projections of 10 million deaths annually by 2050. What is AMR? Definition: AMR occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites …

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Drugs Technical Advisory Board

Source:  TH Context: The Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB) has recommended bringing all antibiotics under the definition of “new drug” in the New Drugs and Clinical Trial (NDCT) Rules, 2019 to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recent Recommendations by DTAB: Inclusion of antibiotics as “New Drugs”: All antibiotics would fall under the category of “new drugs,” …

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UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 30 September 2024

  UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 30 September 2024 covers important current affairs of the day, their backward linkages, their relevance for Prelims exam and MCQs on main articles   InstaLinks :  Insta Links help you think beyond the  current affairs issue and help you think multidimensionally to develop depth in your understanding of these issues. …

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Operation Amrith

Source: TH Context: Kerala has taken a significant step in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by launching Operation Amrith, enforcing the 2011 H1 rule to prohibit the over-the-counter (OTC) sale of antibiotics. About Operation Amrith: Aim: To curb the irrational use of antibiotics by banning their sale without a prescription, reducing the rise of antimicrobial resistance …

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INFAAR 2019-22 Report

Facts for Prelims (FFP)   Source: DTE  Context: The FAO and ICAR released the first national report on AMR surveillance (INFAAR 2019-22 Report) in India’s fisheries and livestock sectors.   What is INFAAR? ICAR, supported by FAO, initiated INFAAR (Indian Network for Fishery and Animal Antimicrobial Resistance) in 2017 to monitor AMR in the aquaculture …

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Responsible antibiotic production Certificate

Facts for Prelims (FFP) Source: DTE Context: A new certification scheme has been launched in India to promote responsible antibiotic manufacturing (first of its kind)   About the Scheme: Developed by: the British Standards Institute (BSI) (a business improvement and standards company) and the AMR Industry Alliance (one of the largest private sector coalitions that …

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious global public health threats in this century. Discuss the role AMR vaccines can play in preventing fatalities by AMR.

Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life. 5. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious global public health threats in this century. Discuss the role AMR vaccines can play in preventing fatalities by AMR. (250 words)  Difficulty level: Moderate Reference:  Down to Earth  Insights on India Why …

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What is anti-microbial resistance (AMR)? What are the factors that lead to AMR? Evaluate India’s preparedness in dealing with it. Do you think one health approach is a better way forward to deal with it?

Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources. 3. What is anti-microbial resistance (AMR)? What are the factors that lead to AMR? Evaluate India’s preparedness in dealing with it. Do you think one health approach is a better way forward to deal with it? (250 words) Difficulty …

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Insights into Editorial: The global toll of bacterial resistance to drugs

  Introduction: Hundreds of thousands of deaths occur today due to previously treatable infections such as lower respiratory and bloodstream infections because the bacteria that cause them have become resistant to treatment. A comprehensive estimate of the global impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), covering 204 countries and territories and published in The Lancet, has found …

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Why is antimicrobial resistance (AMR) a global concern? Discuss various initiatives taken to combat it.

Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights. 6. Why is antimicrobial resistance (AMR) a global concern? Discuss various initiatives taken to combat it. (250 words) Difficulty level: Moderate Reference: Down to Earth Why the question: The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a …

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Insights into Editorial: Weaker germs, stronger cures

  Introduction: Antibiotics: The advent of antibiotics ignited the hope of elimination of infectious diseases in humans and animals. However, this did not happen because of two reasons: the ingenuity and survival instinct of germs and the irrational use of antibiotics in humans and animals. Most of the germs have acquired the capacity to resist …

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Insights into Issues: Antimicrobial resistance

    Insights into Issues:  Antimicrobial resistance   Antibiotic resistance arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the drugs which are used to fight infection.  It is one of the most important public health issues currently.  Antimicrobial resistance happens when microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites) change when they are exposed to antimicrobial drugs (such as antibiotics, …

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