MARTIAL LAW AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

MARTIAL LAW AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Article 34:

  1. Allows Parliament to indemnify acts done during martial law for restoring order. It also validates sentences or penalties imposed during such periods.
  2. Martial Law refers to military rule under extraordinary conditions like war or rebellion. It differs from National Emergency, as it suspends civil authority and law courts in specific regions, whereas National Emergency impacts the entire governance structure.

Difference between Martial law and National Emergency

Martial law National Emergency
It affects only FR It affects FR, centre-state relations etc
It suspends the government and ordinary law courts Continues their existence
Imposed to restore law and order War, external aggression or armed  rebellion
Imposed in some specific areas of the country Some or whole of the country
No specific provision in the constitution Specific and detailed provision