Climatic Conditions
- Annual rainfall varies from 150 cm to 250 cm
Distribution
- Occurs in the temperate zone of the Himalayas between 1500 and 3300 metres.
- Cover the entire length of this mountain range in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Darjeeling and Sikkim.
Characteristics
- Mainly composed of coniferous species.
- Species occur in mostly pure strands.
- Trees are 30 to 50 m high.
- Pines, cedars, silver firs, spruce, etc. are the most important trees.
- They form high but fairly open forest with shrubby undergrowth including oaks, rhododendrons and some bamboos.
Timber
- It provides fine wood which is of much use for construction, timber and railway sleepers.
