General Studies-2; Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora. Introduction The United States recently designated The Resistance Front (TRF)—a known proxy of Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT)—as a Foreign Terrorist Organisation (FTO) under U.S. law. This move is a diplomatic success for India and a reaffirmation of its longstanding …
General Studies-2; Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora. Introduction As geopolitical tensions between the West and Russia escalate, the pressure on countries like India to align with Western sanctions is intensifying. NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte’s recent warning—that India, China, and Brazil could face secondary sanctions …
General Studies-3; Topic: Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention Introduction As India aims for developed nation status by 2047, science and technology (S&T) is the driving force for progress. Critical domains like AI, quantum computing, …
General Studies-2; Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources. Introduction India has made consistent efforts to improve access and equity in education, but recent evaluations raise serious concerns about the quality of learning outcomes in the country. Two significant reports — the Ministry of Education’s PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan …
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General Studies-2; Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources. Introduction In June 2025, the Union government issued an advisory encouraging ministries and departments to display signboards warning against the health hazards of snacks high in fat and sugar, such as samosas, kachoris, pastries, and jalebis. While the move …
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General Studies-2; Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora. Introduction India’s foreign policy choices are once again in the spotlight amid renewed Western threats of secondary sanctions. At the heart of this controversy lies India’s strategic autonomy — evident in its military and energy deals with …
General Studies-3; Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Introduction India’s retail inflation has cooled substantially, offering significant macroeconomic relief. According to the latest data released by the National Statistical Office (NSO), the Consumer Price Index (CPI)-based inflation stood at 1% in June 2025, down from 2.82% …
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General Studies-3; Topic: Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing. Introduction India’s agricultural growth story owes a great deal to global research institutions like the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) …
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General Studies-2; Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Introduction Karnataka has once again taken the legislative route to regulate online gaming, specifically targeting online betting, gambling, and wagering involving games of chance. This follows a previous attempt struck down by the Karnataka …
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General Studies-3; Topic: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. Introduction Recently, India was claimed to be the fourth most equal country in the world, a statement that stems from a selective reading of a World Bank This claim is based on the decline in India’s consumption-based Gini coefficient, but does not reflect the …
General Studies-3; Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Introduction In June 2025, India’s capital market regulator, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), took strong action against Jane Street Group, a prominent US-based proprietary trading firm, for alleged manipulation in India’s stock and derivatives market. …
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General Studies-2; Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Introduction The Digital India Mission, launched on 1st July 2015, aimed to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. After a decade, the initiative has made significant strides in bridging the …
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General Studies-2; Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Introduction The Union Cabinet’s approval of the Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme marks a significant milestone in India’s journey towards building a knowledge-driven economy. It aligns with India’s vision of becoming a developed …
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General Studies-2; Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Introduction The Union Cabinet’s approval of the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme in 2025 signals a proactive step towards addressing one of India’s most persistent economic challenges — jobless growth. Despite India maintaining one …
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General Studies-3; Topic: Disaster and disaster management. Introduction India is facing a disturbing pattern of industrial accidents that point toward systemic failures in workplace safety and regulatory enforcement. The recent twin tragedies—a blast at a Sigachi Industries pharmaceutical plant in Sangareddy, Telangana and a fire at a fireworks unit in Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu—have together …
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General Studies-3; Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment Introduction: Asia, home to more than half the world’s population and the largest continental landmass, is facing an accelerating climate crisis. The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)’s “State of the Climate in Asia 2024” report paints an alarming picture—Asia is warming at twice the …
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General Studies-1; Topic: Urbanization, their problems and their remedies. Introduction India’s urban population is set to surge from 400 million to 800 million within the next 30 years. This urban explosion brings immense opportunities for economic growth and global relevance—but it also places serious strain on infrastructure, finances, and institutional frameworks. A World Bank …
General Studies-3; Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights. Introduction The exponential growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to Big Tech’s overwhelming dominance, triggering global concern. This control over AI architecture, data, and infrastructure threatens to undermine equitable technological development, concentrating power and …
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General Studies-3; Topic: Disaster and disaster management. Introduction The recent crash of Air India flight AI 171 in Ahmedabad, has once again brought to the forefront the urgent need to review and strengthen India’s aviation safety infrastructure. While India has emerged as one of the fastest-growing civil aviation markets in the world, this growth …
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General Studies-3; Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life. Introduction The recent entry of Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla into the International Space Station (ISS) through the Axiom-4 mission marks a historic milestone for India’s space ambitions. From building satellites to explore weather patterns and assist rural development to …
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