Q7. What is malice and how does it differ from legitimate self-interest? Explain how malice can distort moral judgement and interpersonal conduct. (10 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: IE
Why the question
Understanding of malice as an ethical concept, its distinction from acceptable pursuit of personal interests, and the influence of negative emotions and intentions on human behaviour.
Key Demand of the question
The answer should explain malice and distinguish it from legitimate self-interest, followed by an assessment of how malicious intent affects moral judgement and interpersonal conduct.
Structure of the answer
Introduction
Introduce the ethical boundary between the legitimate pursuit of individual interests and intentionally causing harm to others.
Body
- Malice and legitimate self-interest: Define malice and distinguish it from legitimate self-interest on the basis of intention, ethical means and respect for the interests and dignity of others.
- Distortion of moral judgement: Explain how emotions such as resentment, jealousy and revenge can impair rational ethical reasoning, encourage moral rationalisation and weaken empathy.
- Impact on interpersonal conduct: Highlight how malicious behaviour can undermine trust, intensify conflicts, encourage manipulation and weaken cooperation within personal, professional and social relationships.
Conclusion
Conclude with the importance of emotional intelligence, empathy, self-regulation and ethical reasoning in reconciling individual interests with respect for others.
