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General Studies – 1
Topic: Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent);
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
India continues to be one of the world’s largest gold consumers despite limited domestic reserves, highlighting the importance of understanding the geographical distribution of mineral resources and their implications for resource dependence.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires explaining the geographical distribution of gold resources across the world and discussing the geographical and socio-economic reasons behind India’s high gold consumption despite limited domestic availability.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly define gold as a precious metallic mineral and mention its uneven geographical distribution.
Body
- Global distribution of gold resources: Mention the major geographical regions/countries where gold resources are concentrated.
- Reasons for high gold consumption in India: Explain the major geographical and socio-economic factors despite limited domestic reserves.
Conclusion
Conclude by highlighting the need for greater resource security through exploration, recycling and efficient mineral management.
Topic: Effects of globalization on Indian society
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: IE
Why the question
The increasing visibility of live-in relationships and the 2026 Supreme Court judgment extending criminal law protection against domestic cruelty to eligible live-in relationships have renewed debate on changing family patterns and social transformation in India.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires analysing the major socio-cultural factors behind the increasing acceptance of live-in relationships in India. It also demands assessing their implications for family and society and suggesting measures to address the emerging social concerns arising from these changes.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly mention the changing nature of Indian family institutions under the influence of urbanisation, modernisation and constitutional values.
Body
- Socio-cultural factors: Briefly write the major drivers behind the growing acceptance of live-in relationships.
- Implications for family and society: Mention the broader impact on family structure, gender relations and social institutions.
- Measures: Suggest balanced legal, social and institutional measures to address emerging concerns while protecting individual dignity.
Conclusion
Conclude with the need to balance social transformation, constitutional values and family harmony in an evolving society.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2026 has increased the sanctioned strength of the Supreme Court to address judicial pendency and improve the efficiency of the justice delivery system.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires explaining the constitutional and legislative procedure for increasing the strength of the Supreme Court and highlighting its likely impact on the justice delivery system, along with the associated challenges.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Mention the constitutional basis for determining the strength of the Supreme Court and its significance for judicial capacity.
Body
- Procedure for increasing strength: Explain the constitutional and legislative process for increasing the sanctioned strength of the Supreme Court.
- Likely impact on justice delivery: Mention the broad positive outcomes of increasing judicial strength.
- Challenges: Briefly indicate why increasing the number of judges alone may not completely address judicial delays.
Conclusion
Conclude by emphasising that judicial expansion must be complemented by wider judicial and administrative reforms for timely and effective justice.
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: NIE
Why the question
ASEAN’s growing internal divisions amid intensifying South China Sea tensions have renewed debates on ASEAN centrality and their implications for the Indo-Pacific and India’s strategic interests.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires explaining how a fragmented ASEAN undermines Southeast Asian security and the vision of a free, open and inclusive Indo-Pacific. It further requires assessing the implications for India and suggesting measures to strengthen regional cooperation.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Introduce ASEAN centrality and its importance in the Indo-Pacific regional architecture.
Body
- Impact on regional security and Indo-Pacific: Explain how ASEAN fragmentation affects Southeast Asian security and the regional order.
- Implications for India: Assess the strategic, economic and diplomatic consequences for India.
- Measures to reinforce cooperation: Suggest institutional, diplomatic and maritime measures to strengthen regional cooperation.
Conclusion
Conclude by highlighting that a cohesive ASEAN remains indispensable for a stable, rules-based and inclusive Indo-Pacific and for advancing India’s Indo-Pacific vision.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: IE
Why the question
India’s relatively low share in international tourist arrivals despite its rich tourism potential has renewed focus on strengthening inbound tourism as a driver of economic growth, employment and foreign exchange earnings.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires identifying the factors responsible for India’s low inbound tourism, examining its economic implications and suggesting suitable policy measures to strengthen international tourist arrivals.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly highlight the importance of inbound tourism as a strategic service export and growth engine.
Body
- Factors responsible: Mention the major reasons behind India’s low share in international tourist arrivals.
- Economic implications: Explain how low inbound tourism affects the economy.
- Policy measures: Suggest broad reforms to improve India’s competitiveness as a global tourism destination.
Conclusion
Conclude with the need for sustainable, experience-driven and globally competitive tourism to unlock India’s full economic potential.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: DTE
Why the question
Peatlands have gained renewed policy attention following the FAO Peat-Emit Report (2026), which updated emission factors and highlighted their importance in improving greenhouse gas inventories and climate mitigation.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires explaining the role of peatlands in regulating the global carbon cycle and analysing the major factors responsible for greenhouse gas emissions when peatlands are degraded.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly define peatlands and highlight their importance as major global carbon reservoirs.
Body
- Role in the global carbon cycle: Mention how peatlands regulate carbon storage and climate.
- Factors causing emissions from degraded peatlands: Explain the major processes responsible for increased greenhouse gas emissions.
Conclusion
Conclude with the need for peatland conservation, restoration and scientific monitoring to strengthen climate mitigation.
General Studies – 4
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
Recent corruption cases involving public servants have reinforced the importance of integrity, public trust and ethical conduct in public administration.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires explaining how treating public office as a personal privilege gives rise to corruption from an ethical perspective. It further requires highlighting the impact of such corruption on ethical governance and public administration.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Define public office as a public trust and its ethical significance in governance.
Body
- Public office and corruption: Explain how misuse of public office for personal gain leads to corruption and ethical failure.
- Impact on ethical governance: Highlight the consequences for public trust, institutional ethics and good governance.
Conclusion
Conclude by emphasising that integrity, selflessness and accountability are indispensable for transforming public office into an instrument of public service.
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