Context: The Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and National Election Watch (NEW) released a report analyzing the self-sworn affidavits of India’s 31 incumbent Chief Ministers.
About Criminalisation of Politics:
What It Is?
- Criminalisation of politics refers to the increasing participation and election of individuals with criminal backgrounds to public offices, including legislatures and executive positions.
- It undermines democratic governance by allowing persons facing serious criminal charges to influence law-making and public administration.
Key Findings of the ADR–NEW Report:
- 45% (14 out of 31) Chief Ministers have declared criminal cases against themselves.
- 35% (11 Chief Ministers) face serious criminal cases, including offences punishable with imprisonment of five years or more.
- Two Chief Ministers have declared cases related to attempt to murder.
- The average declared assets of Chief Ministers stand at ₹118.07 crore, with four Chief Ministers reporting assets exceeding ₹100 crore.
- D.K. Shivakumar (Karnataka) is the wealthiest Chief Minister with declared assets of over ₹1,413 crore.
- The analysis is based on self-sworn election affidavits filed by all 31 incumbent Chief Ministers before their most recent elections.
Implications:
- Weakens Democratic Credibility: The presence of elected representatives facing serious criminal charges erodes public trust in democratic institutions.
- Influences Governance: Criminal backgrounds may affect ethical decision-making, transparency, and accountability in public administration.
- Highlights Need for Electoral Reforms: Reinforces the demand for faster disposal of criminal cases against politicians and stronger electoral transparency.
Relevance in UPSC Exam Syllabus:
- GS Paper II – Polity & Governance
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- Electoral reforms, criminalisation of politics, transparency in elections, and strengthening democratic institutions.
- GS Paper IV – Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude
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- Ethical governance, integrity in public life, accountability, and public trust in democratic institutions.
