Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Q2. How do atmospheric circulation systems influence weather and climate over the Himalayas? Examine the role of monsoon currents and Western Disturbances. Assess how climate change may alter their behaviour. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: DTE
Why the question
The increasing frequency of extreme weather events and recent concerns regarding changing monsoon and Western Disturbance behaviour in the Himalayas have highlighted the importance of atmospheric circulation systems in shaping regional climate.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires explaining how atmospheric circulation systems influence Himalayan weather and climate, and examining the specific roles of monsoon currents and Western Disturbances. It also requires assessing the likely changes in their behaviour under climate change and the resulting implications.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly mention the Himalayas as a climatic barrier and a zone of interaction between tropical and extra-tropical atmospheric systems.
Body
- Influence of atmospheric circulation systems: Explain how large-scale circulation patterns determine precipitation, temperature, snowfall and climatic conditions over the Himalayas.
- Role of monsoon currents: Discuss their contribution to summer rainfall, hydrology, agriculture and weather extremes in the Himalayan region.
- Role of Western Disturbances: Explain their importance in winter precipitation, snow accumulation, glacier sustenance and regional climate regulation.
- Climate change and changing circulation patterns: Assess how warming may alter monsoon variability, Western Disturbance behaviour and the frequency of extreme events.
Conclusion
Conclude with the need for improved climate monitoring, forecasting and mountain-specific adaptation strategies to address emerging climatic uncertainties in the Himalayas.
