Topic: issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure,
Q3. “Federalism is not merely an administrative arrangement but a constitutional safeguard against excessive centralisation.” Analyse contemporary challenges to Indian federalism. Suggest measures to strengthen the federal balance. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
Federalism remains central to India’s constitutional design, and recent debates on Centre–State relations, fiscal powers and institutional autonomy have renewed attention on preserving the federal balance.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires analysing why federalism acts as a constitutional safeguard against excessive centralisation, examining the contemporary challenges facing Indian federalism, and suggesting measures to strengthen the federal balance.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly mention federalism as a basic feature of the Constitution that balances national unity with regional autonomy and democratic diversity.
Body
- Federalism as a constitutional safeguard: Explain how federal arrangements prevent concentration of power and protect democratic pluralism.
- Contemporary challenges to Indian federalism: Highlight major political, fiscal, administrative or institutional issues affecting Centre–State relations.
- Measures to strengthen the federal balance: Suggest reforms to enhance cooperative federalism, institutional dialogue and State autonomy.
Conclusion
Conclude by emphasising that a robust federal framework is essential for strengthening constitutional democracy, national integration and effective governance.
