Topic: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Q5. To what extent is economic mobility a more meaningful indicator of developmental progress than aggregate economic growth? Analyse the factors influencing mobility in India. Suggest measures to strengthen it. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: IE
Why the question
India’s rapid economic growth has been accompanied by debates on employment quality, educational outcomes, institutional credibility and widening aspirations, raising questions about whether growth is translating into meaningful upward mobility.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires evaluating whether economic mobility is a better measure of development than aggregate economic growth. It also requires analysing the factors affecting mobility in India and suggesting measures to strengthen pathways of upward socio-economic advancement.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly define economic mobility and highlight the distinction between growth-led development and opportunity-led development.
Body
- Economic mobility versus aggregate growth: Assess why mobility may be a more meaningful indicator of inclusive development while acknowledging the importance of economic growth.
- Factors influencing mobility in India: Discuss the role of education, employment, health, regional disparities, inequality and institutional quality.
- Measures to strengthen mobility: Suggest reforms related to human capital, job creation, skilling, institutional integrity and equitable access to opportunities.
Conclusion
Emphasise that sustainable development requires not only expanding the size of the economy but also ensuring that citizens can move upward through talent, effort and fair opportunities.
