Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.
Q1. Increasing atmospheric instability during the pre-monsoon season is reshaping the traditional character of Indian summers. Examine the role of western disturbances and cyclonic circulations in altering India’s summer weather patterns. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: DTE
Why the question
Due to the unusual summer conditions witnessed in India during 2026, marked by unseasonal rainfall, thunderstorms and moderated heatwave conditions linked with atmospheric disturbances.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires explaining how increasing atmospheric instability is changing the traditional nature of Indian summers. It also demands examination of the role played specifically by western disturbances and cyclonic circulations in altering summer weather patterns.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly mention the changing characteristics of India’s pre-monsoon climate and increasing interaction between tropical and extra-tropical weather systems.
Body
- Atmospheric instability and changing summers: Mention how pre-monsoon instability is increasing thunderstorms, rainfall variability and interruptions in heatwave conditions.
- Role of western disturbances: Explain their influence in bringing cloudiness, rainfall, temperature moderation and interaction with tropical moisture.
- Role of cyclonic circulations: Discuss their contribution in moisture transport, convective activity and localized weather disturbances during summer.
Conclusion
Conclude with the need for improved climate forecasting, disaster preparedness and adaptive weather governance amid increasing climatic variability.
