UPSC Editorials Quiz : 12 May 2026

Solution: C

• The IBCA has a very specific scope concerning the species it protects. It is dedicated to the conservation of seven big cats: the Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Cheetah, Jaguar, and Puma. This selection is significant because it includes species like the Jaguar (native to the Americas) and the Puma (native to the Americas), which are not found in the wild in India. This confirms that the IBCA is truly a global platform and not just a regional initiative.
• The alliance seeks to apply the “fundamental tenets of conservation” across different continents. By including the Jaguar and Puma, the IBCA acknowledges that big cat conservation challenges—such as habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and illegal trade—are universal and require a transboundary, synergized approach.
• The alliance aims to facilitate a landscape-based approach that aligns protection with local livelihoods and climate resilience, recognizing that these apex predators are indicators of healthy ecosystems globally.

Solution: A

• Statement-I is correct; the Governor’s role is to ensure continuity of the executive branch when no clear winner emerges. The Governor acts as a facilitator for the democratic process.
• Statement-II is also correct and provides the legal/constitutional basis for Statement-I. Article 164(1) simply says the CM is appointed by the Governor. While normally the Governor follows the advice of a majority leader, when no such leader is obvious, this constitutional provision is what grants the Governor the “room” to exercise discretion.
• The power to appoint (Statement-II) is the mechanism used to fulfill the duty of ensuring an executive head exists (Statement-I). Therefore, Statement-II is the direct legal explanation for the administrative duty described in Statement-I.

Solution: A

• Interoperability is a key feature of the JANANI platform, allowing different digital health systems to “talk” to each other.
• Statement 1 is correct as it integrates with U-WIN, the national platform for digitizing India’s immunization program. This ensures that when a child is born, their health record in JANANI can automatically trigger or update their immunization schedule in U-WIN.
• Statement 2 is correct as it also links with POSHAN, which tracks nutritional outcomes for women and children. This cross-sectoral monitoring allows for a holistic view of a beneficiary’s health—for example, a pregnant woman flagged as “high-risk” for anemia in JANANI can be prioritized for nutritional support under the POSHAN scheme.

Statement 3 is incorrect. PM-KMY (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan-Dhan Yojana) is a pension scheme for small and marginal farmers and is unrelated to the reproductive and child health continuum of care. The focus of JANANI is strictly on maternal and child health services, including antenatal care, delivery, neonatal care, and family planning. This integration ensures that no critical healthcare step is missed, as the platform sends automated reminders to citizens for upcoming visits and milestones, thereby enhancing accountability in service delivery.

Solution: B

• Prophylaxis is a cornerstone of modern Haemophilia management. Unlike “on-demand” treatment, which involves treating a bleed after it has started, prophylaxis involves the regular, scheduled infusion of missing clotting factors (Factor VIII or IX).
• The goal is to maintain a minimum level of these proteins in the blood to prevent spontaneous internal bleeding, particularly into joints (Haemarthrosis), which can cause permanent disability. This preventive approach significantly improves the quality of life and prevents life-threatening crises like brain hemorrhages.
• While gene therapy (option a) is the ultimate future goal for a permanent cure, prophylaxis remains the current standard for managing the severity of this inherited protein deficiency.

Solution: D

• MAHASAGAR (Maritime Highlands for Active Security and Growth in the Region) is a strategic outreach initiative by the Indian Navy. It focuses on strategic headers and high-level dialogue among the heads of navies in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

It complements the SAGAR policy (Security and Growth for All in the Region). Exercises like DIVEX 2026 with Sri Lanka are practical applications of this vision, aiming to build collective maritime competence and trust. By engaging in joint diving and salvage operations, India positions itself as a security provider and fosters regional stability, ensuring that the IOR remains safe for international shipping and trade.