Topic: changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Q2. The warming of extra-polar oceans has transformed sea surface temperature anomalies into a major driver of atmospheric instability. Explain the relationship between sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation. Discuss its influence on precipitation extremes. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: DTE
Why the question
Increasing marine heatwaves, El Niño transition and rising sea surface temperatures have highlighted the growing influence of oceans on atmospheric instability and extreme precipitation events across the world.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires explaining how sea surface temperatures influence atmospheric circulation systems and analysing their role in intensifying precipitation extremes under changing climatic conditions.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly mention oceans as major heat reservoirs regulating global climate and the recent rise in sea surface temperature anomalies.
Body
- Extra-polar ocean warming and instability: Mention how rising SSTs increase heat and moisture transfer, strengthening atmospheric disturbances.
- SST and atmospheric circulation linkage: Explain influence on pressure gradients, Walker circulation, jet streams, monsoon systems and convection.
- Impact on precipitation extremes: Discuss role in extreme rainfall, droughts, cyclone intensification and uneven rainfall distribution.
Conclusion
Mention the need for improved ocean monitoring, climate forecasting and adaptive planning to address rising climate instability linked with warming oceans.
