DAY – 38 : Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2026 : ART & CULTURE

Answer:   (c)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Correct: Sattriya was developed in the 15th century in Assam by the great saint and social reformer Srimanta Sankaradeva. He used this dance form as a medium to propagate the Neo-Vaishnavite movement, making spiritual teachings accessible to the masses through dance-dramas (Ankiya Naat).
• Statement 2 is Correct: For centuries, the dance was preserved and performed exclusively by Bhokots (male celibate monks) in Sattras (monasteries). It was an integral part of their daily worship. In the modern era, the dance has moved from the monastery to the global stage, and it is now performed by both men and women.

Answer:   (a)

Explanation:

• Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP): c. 2000 BCE – 1500 BCE
• Associated with the Late Harappan and Copper Hoard Culture.
• Found primarily in the Indo-Gangetic divide. It is called Ochre because the pottery leaves a brownish-orange color on the fingers when touched, likely due to weathering or poor firing.
• Black and Red Ware (BRW): c. 1500 BCE – 1200 BCE
• This tradition co-existed with various cultures but is a hallmark of the early Iron Age/late Chalcolithic.
• It was produced using an inverted firing technique, where the pot was placed upside down in the kiln, making the interior black and the exterior red.
• Painted Grey Ware (PGW): c. 1200 BCE – 600 BCE
• Associated with the Later Vedic Period and the arrival of the Iron Age in the Gangetic plains.
• The pottery is fine, grey in color, and often decorated with simple black geometric patterns. It marks a significant technological advancement in kiln control.
• Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW): c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE
• The Deluxe Ware of the Second Urbanization (Mahajanapadas and Mauryan Empire).
• It is famous for its metallic finish and mirror-like luster. This pottery represents the peak of ancient Indian ceramic technology.

Answer:   (b)

Explanation:

Answer:   (b)

Explanation:

1. Putul Nach (Incorrect): This is a traditional Rod Puppet form from West Bengal. These puppets are large and are manipulated by a rod from below the stage.
2. Tholu Bommalata (Correct): This is the Shadow Puppet tradition of Andhra Pradesh. The puppets are large, translucent, and multi-colored, casting colored shadows on a white screen.
3. Yampuri (Incorrect): This is a Rod Puppet tradition from Bihar. It is unique because it traditionally focuses on the court of Yama (the god of death).
4. Togalu Gombeyaata (Correct): This is the Shadow Puppet tradition of Karnataka. Similar to the Andhra style, it uses leather puppets, but they vary significantly in size to denote the social status of the characters.

Answer:   (d)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Incorrect: While it is true that European influences like 3D perspective and foreshortening (making an object appear shorter as it angles toward the viewer) entered the Mughal atelier, this started during the reign of Akbar, not Jahangir. It was Akbar who first welcomed Jesuit missionaries and European works, which his artists (like Basawan) began to emulate.
• Statement 2 is Incorrect: The shift from collective manuscript illustrations (like the Hamzanama or Akbarnama) to individual portraits and nature studies (birds, animals, and flowers) is the hallmark of Jahangir’s Jahangir was a naturalist and preferred the scientific study of a single subject over the busy, crowded scenes favored by Akbar. Shah Jahan’s reign, while continuing portraiture, was characterized by an increase in ornamentation, use of gold, and a somewhat stiffer, more formal durbar style.

Answer:   (a)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Correct: In the early Mathura style, the Buddha was often depicted with a shaven head (resembling a monk) or a Kapardin (snail-shell) coil of hair. The Ushnisha (cranial bump) was present but was more of a physical protrusion of the skull rather than the wavy, hair-styled bun found in Gandhara art.
• Statement 2 is Correct: The drapery in Mathura sculpture is typically transparent and thin, clinging tightly to the body to reveal the underlying form. It usually covers only one shoulder (the left), leaving the right shoulder bare.

Statement 3 is Incorrect: This is a classic Gandhara School feature. Gandhara art used Hellenistic (Greek) influences, which emphasized anatomical realism, detailed musculature, and heavy, thick, pleated robes. Mathura art, by contrast, focused on a fleshy and robust body type, reflecting the traditional Indian Yaksha aesthetics.

Answer:   (c)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Correct: According to the statutes of the award, the Prime Minister makes the recommendations for the Bharat Ratna directly to the President of India. No other constitutional authority is formally involved in this specific recommendation.
• Statement 2 is Correct: Unlike the Padma Awards (Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri), which involve a Padma Awards Committee and a public nomination process through a dedicated portal, the Bharat Ratna has no formal committee. It is a highly centralized selection process where the discretion lies with the Prime Minister.

Answer:   (a)

Explanation:

1. Tamil (2004): It was the first language to be accorded the status. The government recognized its antiquity and the vast body of Sangam literature.
2. Sanskrit (2005): Recognized a year later due to its foundational role in Indian philosophy, religion, and linguistics.
3. Telugu and Kannada (2008): Both were recognized simultaneously in 2008.
4. Malayalam (2013): Accorded the status in 2013 after the criteria were further reviewed.
5. Odia (2014): It was the sixth language to be recognized, following a long-standing demand based on its ancient inscriptions and poetic tradition.

Answer:   (c)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Incorrect: The statement is reversed. Carnatic music is actually more composition-heavy; the Kriti (composition) is the heart of the performance. Hindustani music, while having compositions (like the Bandish), places a much heavier emphasis on long-form, purely improvisational elements like the Alap.
• Statement 2 is Incorrect: The classification systems are swapped. Hindustani music uses the Thaat system (standardized into 10 basic modes by V.N. Bhatkhande). Carnatic music follows the more mathematically exhaustive Melakarta system (72 parent ragas).
• Statement 3 is Correct: Hindustani music is strictly organized into Gharanas (lineages like Gwalior, Kirana, Agra), which have distinct stylistic identities. While Carnatic music has various Banis (styles like Musiri or Tanjavur), it is not as rigidly institutionalized into hereditary or geographical schools as the Northern tradition.

Answer:   (d)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Vikrama Era (not the Shaka Era) began in 57 BCE. It is traditionally believed to have been founded by King Vikramaditya of Ujjain to commemorate his victory over the Shaka invaders. It is a lunar calendar and is still widely used to determine the dates of Hindu festivals.
• Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Shaka Era (not the Vikrama Era) began in 78 CE. It is traditionally associated with the coronation or accession of the Kushana King Kanishka. This era was later adopted as the basis for the Indian National Calendar in 1957.

Answer: (b) 20%

Solution:
From 2nd year to 3rd year:

17,424 ÷ 14,520 = 1.2

So:

1 + r/100 = 1.2

r = 20%

Answer: (c) 21%

Solution:

Given:
Amount after 2 years = 8,000
Amount after 3 years = 9,680

In compound interest:

After 2 years:
A₂ = P × (1 + r/100)² = 8,000

After 3 years:
A₃ = P × (1 + r/100)³ = 9,680

Divide A₃ by A₂:

A₃ / A₂ = (1 + r/100)³ / (1 + r/100)²

⇒ A₃ / A₂ = (1 + r/100)

Substitute values:

9,680 ÷ 8,000 = 1 + r/100

⇒ 1.21 = 1 + r/100

r/100 = 0.21

r = 21%

Answer: (b) 5,000

Solution:
Let x at 10%, so (10,000 − x) at 20%

Interest:

10% for 3 years → 30% → 0.3x
20% for 3 years → 60% → 0.6(10,000 − x)

Total:

0.3x + 0.6(10,000 − x) = 4,500

0.3x + 6,000 − 0.6x = 4,500

−0.3x = −1,500

x = 5,000

Answer: (b) 5,000

Solution:
Difference (2 years):

= P × (r/100)²

= P × (10/100)²
= P × 1/100

So:

P/100 = 50

P = 5,000

Answer: (c)

Solution:

• Option (a) is incorrect: The passage mentions the precarious situation caused by fossil fuels but does not suggest an immediate or complete stop, which is an extreme step not supported by the text.
• Option (b) is incorrect: While the passage mentions the intermittent nature as a challenge to grid stability, it suggests solutions (storage, grid modernization) to address this. It doesn’t definitively state that renewable energy is insufficient to meet total demand if these solutions are implemented.
• Option (c) is correct: This is the most logical inference. The passage explicitly mentions a multi-pronged approach involving technology (storage, grid modernization) and international cooperation (technology transfer, finance) to ensure a successful and equitable transition.
• Option (d) is incorrect: Using the word only makes this statement too restrictive. The passage lists international cooperation as crucial, but it also lists internal technological and management strategies.