Topic: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes;
Q3. “Welfare measures, while necessary in an unequal society, risk becoming a substitute for structural reforms.” Evaluate the role of welfare in social justice. Examine its limitations in fostering economic transformation. Suggest a balanced policy approach. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: NIE
Why the question
Growing reliance on welfare measures alongside persistent structural economic issues has raised concerns about the long-term sustainability of India’s development model.Key Demand of the question
The question requires evaluating the contribution of welfare measures in achieving social justice while critically examining their limitations in driving economic transformation. It also demands suggesting a balanced policy approach integrating both dimensions.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Define welfare measures and link them with the constitutional vision of a welfare state and inclusive development.Body
- Role in social justice: Indicate how welfare ensures redistribution, inclusion and basic entitlements for vulnerable groups
- Limitations in economic transformation: Highlight how excessive focus on transfers may neglect structural reforms like employment, productivity and industrial growth
- Balanced policy approach: Suggest integrating welfare with capacity building, fiscal prudence and long-term development strategies
Conclusion
Conclude with a remark on aligning welfare with structural reforms for sustainable and inclusive growth.
