Topic: World Geography
Q1. Discuss the geomorphological processes responsible for mountain building. Analyse the relationship between tectonic activity and earthquake hazards. Suggest strategies for reducing vulnerability in tectonically active regions. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Easy
Reference: InsightsIAS
Why the question
Mountain building and earthquake hazards are closely linked to plate tectonics and active geomorphological processes, making them important for understanding natural hazards and disaster vulnerability in regions such as the Himalayas.
Key Demand of the question
The question requires explaining the geomorphological processes responsible for mountain building and analysing how tectonic activity contributes to earthquake hazards. It further asks to suggest strategies to reduce vulnerability in tectonically active regions.
Structure of the Answer
Introduction
Briefly introduce orogeny and plate tectonics, highlighting that mountain belts are zones of active crustal deformation and seismic activity.Body
- Mountain building processes: Mention major tectonic and geomorphological mechanisms such as plate convergence, subduction and crustal uplift responsible for formation of mountains.
- Tectonic activity and earthquake hazards: Explain that stress accumulation and fault movements in active plate boundaries lead to earthquakes, particularly in young fold mountain regions.
- Reducing vulnerability in tectonic regions: Suggest disaster risk reduction measures such as seismic-resilient infrastructure, hazard zonation and preparedness mechanisms in earthquake-prone mountain areas.
Conclusion
Emphasise the need for integrating geological understanding with disaster management and sustainable planning to minimise earthquake risks in tectonically active regions.
