UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 17 February 2026

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 17 February 2026 covers important current affairs of the day, their backward linkages, their relevance for Prelims exam and MCQs on main articles

 

InstaLinks : Insta Links help you think beyond the current affairs issue and help you think multidimensionally to develop depth in your understanding of these issues. These linkages provided in this ‘hint’ format help you frame possible questions in your mind that might arise(or an examiner might imagine) from each current event. InstaLinks also connect every issue to their static or theoretical background.

Table of Contents

GS Paper 2:

1. India’s federalism is in need of a structural reset

GS Paper 3:

2. The Fertiliser Industry in India

 Content for Mains Enrichment (CME):

1. Martin Luther King Jr

Facts for Prelims (FFP):

1. 100 Years of Ol Chiki Script

2. United Nations Fellowship Training Programme on SALW Control

3. Loggerhead Turtles

4. Bharat-VISTAAR

5. 6th Generation Aero Engines

 Mapping:

1. NGT Approve Great Nicobar Project

UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 17 February 2026

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GS Paper 2 :

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India’s federalism is in need of a structural reset

Source:  TH

Context: The debate on India’s federalism has been reignited following the submission of Part I of the Justice Kurian Joseph Committee Report.

• Commissioned by the Tamil Nadu government, the report advocates for a structural reset to restore state autonomy and right-size the Union’s role in governance.

About India’s federalism is in need of a structural reset:

What it is?

• A structural reset refers to a fundamental recalibration of the power balance between the Union and the States. It moves away from the centralizing bias of the 1940s—born out of post-Partition anxieties—toward a model where States have autonomous legislative and fiscal space.

Indian Federalism: The Current Constitutional Structure

• Article 1: Defines India as a Union of States, implying that the Union is indissoluble, but the states are its essential constituent units.
• The Seventh Schedule: Distributes legislative powers into the Union List (exclusive to Centre), State List (exclusive to States), and Concurrent List (both, but Centre prevails under Article 254).
• Basic Structure Doctrine: In S.R. Bommai vs. Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court declared federalism a part of the Constitution’s Basic Structure, meaning it cannot be abridged even by Parliament.
• Fiscal Federalism (Article 280): Provides for a Finance Commission to recommend the distribution of tax proceeds between the Union and States to correct vertical and horizontal imbalances.
• States’ Autonomy: The Supreme Court in the NCT Delhi vs. Union of India (2018/2023) cases reaffirmed that in a federal spirit, the elected government of a State/UT must have control over its administrative services.

Need for a Structural Reset:

• Erosion of Fiscal Autonomy: States’ share in the divisible pool is often diluted by the Centre’s increasing reliance on cesses and surcharges.

E.g. The share of non-divisible cesses and surcharges rose to over 18% of gross tax revenue by 2025, depriving States of their fair share under Article 270.

• Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) Micromanagement: Rigid templates for national schemes often ignore the diverse developmental stages of different States.

E.g. The replacement of MGNREGA with the Viksit Bharat (Gramin) Act in late 2025 imposed stricter funding conditions that hampered state-specific rural planning in Punjab and Tamil Nadu.

• Encroachment on Concurrent List: The Union increasingly uses subordinate legislation to override State-specific laws.

E.g. Frequent Central interventions in Education (NEP) and Health standards often conflict with regional linguistic and socio-economic priorities.

• Overburdened Union Executive: A central government attempting to supervise everything from space to sanitation faces diminished effectiveness.

E.g. The NITI Aayog often sets performance benchmarks for local issues like water management that States argue are better handled by local knowledge.

• Political Maturity of States: Unlike in 1950, modern States are linguistically and politically consolidated and no longer pose a secessionist threat.

E.g. Innovative State-led policies, like Tamil Nadu’s Noon Meal Scheme, eventually become national models, proving that States are the true laboratories of democracy.

Challenges Associated with the Reset:

• Delimitation Concerns (2026): Reallocating Lok Sabha seats based on current population trends may penalize performing States that controlled population growth.

E.g. Southern states fear a loss of political representation in Parliament compared to Northern states after the 2026 delimitation exercise.

• The Governor’s Interventions: The role of the Governor has frequently become a point of friction, with allegations of stalling State legislation.

E.g. Prolonged delays by Governors in giving assent to Bills in Kerala and Tamil Nadu (2024-25) have led to repeated Supreme Court interventions.

• Fiscal Deficit Caps: Strict Central control over State borrowing limits can stifle regional infrastructure growth during economic shifts.

E.g. Kerala’s 2025 legal challenge against the Centre’s borrowing ceilings highlighted the tension between State welfare needs and Central fiscal diktats.

• One-Size-Fits-All Digital Mandates: Centralized digital architectures sometimes bypass State administrative structures.

E.g. Mandatory Aadhaar-based payment bridges for State welfare schemes have occasionally led to exclusion errors in remote rural pockets.

• National Security vs. State Policing: The expansion of Central agencies’ jurisdiction often overlaps with the State’s Law and Order mandate.

E.g. Increasing the jurisdictional reach of the BSF or Central investigative agencies in border states like Punjab and West Bengal has faced stiff State opposition.

Way Ahead:

• Reform the Finance Commission ToR: Ensure cesses and surcharges are included in the divisible pool to provide States with genuine financial untied resources.
• Revitalize the Inter-State Council: Transform it from a talk-shop into a mandatory consultative body for all legislation involving the Concurrent List.
• Institutionalize Subsidiarity: Adopt the principle that policy should be handled by the lowest competent authority, leaving the Union to focus on strategic national goals.
• Governor Reform: Implement the Punchhi Commission recommendations to limit the Governor’s discretionary powers and set a time frame for Bill assent.
• Protect Political Parity: Decouple the delimitation of seats from mere population numbers to ensure that performing States do not lose their voice in the Union.

Conclusion:

The call for a structural reset is not a demand for a weaker Union, but for a right-sized one that trusts its constituent units. By aligning authority with accountability at the State level, India can transition from a high-command federalism to a truly partnership-based enterprise. Only a balanced federal structure can sustain the diverse Idea of India in an era of global economic competition.

 

 

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UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 17 February 2026 GS Paper 3:

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The Fertiliser Industry in India

Source:  IE

Subject:   Agriculture

Context: The Uttar Pradesh government has recently banned the sale of non-subsidised specialty fertilisers by urea manufacturers, citing tagging (forced cross-selling) concerns.

• This move has sparked a debate on the stifling nature of government controls in an industry already struggling with rigid price caps and distribution mandates.

About The Fertiliser Industry in India:

What it is?

• The fertiliser industry is the backbone of India’s food security, acting as a bridge between industrial manufacturing and agricultural productivity. While technically a commercial sector, it functions as a policy-supported backbone where the government dictates every major variable—from the price at which a product is sold to the specific district where a railway rake must be unloaded.

Key Data and Facts:

• Massive Consumption: In FY 2024-25, total fertiliser consumption stood at approximately 65.3 million tonnes (mt), with Urea alone accounting for roughly 40 mt.
• Production Milestone: In January 2026, India recorded its highest-ever monthly P&K (Phosphatic and Potassic) production of 15.76 lakh metric tonnes.
• Fiscal Burden: The fertiliser subsidy allocation for 2026-27 is earmarked at ₹1.71 lakh crore, reflecting the massive state expenditure required to keep prices low.
• Import Dependency: India remains heavily dependent on imports for raw materials, including 100% of its Potash and nearly 90% of its Phosphates.
• Strategic Shift: Nano-fertilisers (Nano Urea and Nano DAP) are being aggressively promoted through 300,000+ PMKSK centers to reduce the traditional subsidy bill.

Current Controls Governing the Industry:

• Price Capping (Urea): The MRP of urea has remained virtually frozen at ₹266.5 per 45-kg bag since 2012, regardless of rising input costs.

E.g. Companies like NFL and IFFCO must sell at this price despite high global natural gas prices, recovering the difference as a subsidy.

• Conditional Decontrol (NBS): Under the Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS), P&K fertiliser prices are technically free, but the Centre sets an indicative MRP.

E.g. The ₹1,350 price tag for DAP has been maintained through flexible subsidy adjustments to prevent farmer backlash during global price spikes.

• Movement Control (ECA): Under the Essential Commodities Act, the Department of Fertilisers (DOF) prepares a strict Agreed Supply Plan for every company.

E.g. A company cannot move a rake to a high-demand district in Punjab if the DOF’s monthly plan has allocated that stock to Bihar.

• Tagging & Sales Bans: State governments exert ground-level control by banning or restricting the sale of non-subsidised products.

E.g. The UP Government’s 2026 ban on non-subsidised fertilisers prevents firms from selling premium products like calcium nitrate through their own networks.

• Branding Standardization (ONOF): The One Nation One Fertiliser scheme mandates that all subsidised fertilisers be sold under the single brand name Bharat.

E.g. High-quality manufacturers like Chambal or Coromandel can only use 1/3rd of the bag space for their own brand, neutralizing brand value.

Implications of Excessive Control:

• Soil Health Deterioration: Fixed low prices for Urea lead to its over-application, skewing the N:P:K ratio to nearly 11:4:1 against the ideal 4:2:1.

E.g. Excessive nitrogen use in Punjab and Haryana has led to soil salinity and declining crop responsiveness to fertilisers.

• Stifled Innovation: When companies are banned from selling premium, non-subsidised products, they lose the incentive to invest in R&D.

E.g. The UP ban discourages firms from introducing high-efficiency specialty nutrients that could promote fertigation and precision farming.

• Negative Investor Sentiment: Constant policy flip-flops and retrospective bans deter private and foreign investment in domestic manufacturing.

E.g. Analysts note that investment in new urea plants remains stagnant because manufacturers recover only a fraction of costs at the retail point.

• Fiscal Fragility: The government’s subsidy bill is highly sensitive to global shocks, creating a subsidy trap that drains the national exchequer.

E.g. The 2025-26 subsidy overshoot (rising from ₹1.57L cr to ₹1.86L cr) was driven by geopolitical tensions affecting raw material imports.

• Operational Inefficiency: Micromanagement of logistics often leads to artificial shortages or black-marketing at the local level.

E.g. In late 2025, reports from Chitrakoot (UP) showed farmers in long queues due to local distribution bottlenecks despite adequate national stock.

Way Ahead:

• Bring Urea under NBS: Move Urea into the Nutrient Based Subsidy framework to correct price distortions and encourage balanced nutrient use.
• Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to Farmers: Shift the subsidy from the manufacturer to the farmer’s bank account, allowing market forces to determine retail prices.
• Decriminalize the Sector: Remove non-subsidised fertilisers from the Essential Commodities Act to reduce the Inspector Raj and encourage ease of doing business.
• Incentivize Green Fertilisers: Introduce a Production Linked Incentive (PLI) for Nano-fertilisers and Green Ammonia to reduce import and subsidy dependence.
• Rationalize Taxation: Address the inverted GST duty structure (where raw materials are taxed higher than the finished product) to improve company cash flows.

Conclusion:

The fertiliser industry remains a relic of the Permit Raj, where government control over pricing and distribution has created a cycle of soil degradation and fiscal strain. While the recent UP ban aims to protect farmers from tagging, it ultimately sacrifices long-term innovation and investor confidence for short-term administrative ease. A transition toward market-linked pricing and direct farmer support is essential to ensure India’s Aatmanirbhar fertiliser future.

 

 

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UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 17 February 2026 Content for Mains Enrichment (CME)

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Martin Luther King Jr

Anecdote: When Martin Luther King Jr. declared that “the time is always right to do what is right,” he was not offering a slogan but a moral command to history. In the segregated streets of Montgomery and the charged silence of Birmingham’s jails, King chose conscience over convenience. He believed that justice delayed was justice denied, and that silence in the face of injustice was complicity. Armed not with weapons but with nonviolence, he transformed suffering into strength and protest into policy reform. His “I Have a Dream” speech did not merely envision equality; it summoned a nation to introspection. King showed that moral courage often demands action when circumstances seem most hostile. His life teaches that ethical leadership is not about waiting for ideal conditions but about creating them. In a world tempted by expediency, King remains a reminder that righteousness has no deadline.

Relevance in UPSC Syllabus

• GS Paper I – World History

• • Civil Rights Movement in the USA and global struggles against racial discrimination.

• GS Paper IV – Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude

• • Moral courage, civil disobedience, and principled leadership.
  • Conscience vs. legality debates in public administration.

• Essay Paper

• • Themes like justice, equality, moral responsibility, and transformative leadership.

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UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS –17 February 2026 Facts for Prelims (FFP)

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100 Years of Ol Chiki Script

Source:  PIB

Subject:  Miscellaneous

Context: The centenary (1925–2025) of the Ol Chiki script is being inaugurated on 16 February 2026 by the Ministry of Culture in New Delhi.

About 100 Years of Ol Chiki Script:

What is Ol Chiki?

• Ol Chiki is the official writing system of the Santhali language, a major tribal language of India.
• It is a scientifically designed script created to represent Santhali sounds accurately.
• Unlike borrowed scripts (Roman, Bengali, Odia, Devanagari), Ol Chiki was built specifically for Santhali phonetics.

Origin:

• Developed in 1925 by Pandit Raghunath Murmu.
• Created to give Santhali speakers a distinct written identity.
• First major literary work: High Serena (1936).
• Murmu is revered as Guru Gomke (Great Teacher) among Santhals.

Region and Linguistic Family:

• Language: Santhali
• Language family: Austroasiatic (Munda branch)
• States where widely spoken: Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam, and Bihar

Key Characteristics of Ol Chiki:

• 30 letters – Represents vowels and consonants clearly.
• One symbol = one sound – Direct phonetic mapping.
• Captures glottal stops – Unique tribal phonetic elements preserved.
• No conjunct letters – Simpler structural design.
• Indigenous design philosophy – Not adapted from Brahmi or Roman roots.

Constitutional Milestone:

• Santhali was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution in 2003 via the 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act.
• In December 2025, the Constitution of India was translated into Santhali using Ol Chiki, expanding democratic access.

 

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United Nations Fellowship Training Programme on SALW Control

Source:  DD News

Subject:  International Organisation

Context: India is hosting the inaugural United Nations Fellowship Training Programme on Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) Control for the Asia-Pacific region for the first time in Asia.

About United Nations Fellowship Training Programme on SALW Control:

What it is?

• The United Nations Fellowship Training Programme on SALW Control is a three-week capacity-building initiative aimed at strengthening government expertise in controlling the illicit trade and misuse of small arms and light weapons.
• It supports implementation of global disarmament frameworks, particularly the UN Programme of Action (PoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).

Host: Indian Army

Venue: Military College of Materials Management, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

Organising Institutions:

• United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA)
• UN Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific (UNRCPD)

Aim:

• Strengthen National Capacities: Equip officials to implement UN PoA and ITI commitments.
• Enhance Regional Cooperation: Promote coordination among Asia-Pacific states on arms control.
• Improve Tracing & Stockpile Systems: Upgrade mechanisms to track and safely manage arms.
• Curb Illicit Arms Flows: Reduce diversion of weapons to terrorism and organized crime networks.

Key Features:

• Multilateral Disarmament Framework: Aligns with UN PoA and ITI to combat illegal arms proliferation.
• Asia-Pacific Focus: Brings together delegates from 13 regional nations to strengthen cooperation.
• Capacity-Building Orientation: Emphasises technical training in tracing, record-keeping, and stockpile security.
• Institutional Recognition of India: Reflects global trust in India’s arms management systems.
• Safe Disposal & Accountability Practices: Showcases India’s established mechanisms for responsible arms disposal.
• Strategic Security Context: Addresses threats from terrorism, insurgency, and transnational crime fueled by SALW proliferation.

Significance:

• Positions India as a regional hub for professional military and technical training.
• Reinforces India’s commitment to rules-based global order and responsible arms governance.

 

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Loggerhead Turtles

Source:  TH

Subject:  Species in News

Context: A long-term study published in Animals (2026) shows that loggerhead turtles are shrinking in size and producing fewer eggs due to warming oceans and declining marine productivity.

About Loggerhead Turtles:

What it is?

• The Loggerhead sea turtle is a large marine turtle known for its massive head and strong jaws. It is one of the most widely distributed sea turtles in temperate and subtropical oceans.

Scientific Name: Caretta caretta

Habitat:

• Global Distribution – Found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and the Mediterranean Sea.
• Nesting Beaches – Prefers sandy, high-energy, sloped beaches for egg-laying.
• Major Nesting Sites – Florida (USA), Oman, Cabo Verde, Japan, and Australia.

IUCN Status: Vulnerable (IUCN Red List)

Key Characteristics:

• Physical Features:

• • Large Head & Powerful Jaws – Crush hard-shelled prey like mollusks and crustaceans.
  • Reddish-Brown Carapace – Slightly heart-shaped upper shell.
  • Long Lifespan – Can live 70–80 years or more.

• Reproductive Traits:

• • Delayed Maturity – Females mature around 30–35 years of age.
  • Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination – Warmer sand produces more females.

• Behavioural Patterns:

• • Long-Distance Migration – Some undertake trans-oceanic journeys of thousands of kilometres.
  • Natal Homing – Females return to the same region where they hatched.
  • Capital Breeders – Store energy over years before reproducing.

• Ecological Role:

• • Marine Food Web Regulator – Controls populations of bottom-dwelling invertebrates.
  • Indicator Species – Reflects ocean health and climate impacts.
  • Beach Nutrient Cycling – Egg remnants enrich coastal ecosystems.

 

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Bharat-VISTAAR

Source:  IE

Subject:  Government Scheme

Context: The Union Agriculture Minister launched Bharat-VISTAAR, an AI-powered multilingual advisory platform announced in the Union Budget 2026-27.

About Bharat-VISTAAR (Virtually Integrated System to Access Agricultural Resources):

What is Bharat-VISTAAR?

• Bharat-VISTAAR is an AI-driven multilingual Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) platform for agriculture.
• It provides farmers with personalised, real-time information through voice, chat, and mobile access.
• It functions as a single digital gateway for agricultural schemes, advisories, markets, and grievance redressal.

Organisations Involved: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare is implementing authority.

Aim:

• Provide customised AI-based advisory to farmers: Delivers crop, weather, and market advice tailored to individual farm profiles using AI.
• Improve access to scheme eligibility and benefit tracking: Enables farmers to check eligibility, application status, and benefits in one place.

Key Features:

• Multilingual & Voice-Based Access

• • Available initially in Hindi and English: Ensures wider early adoption among major language groups.
  • Expansion to 11 languages in phases: Promotes inclusivity across diverse regional farmers.
  • Toll-free helpline 155261 with AI assistant “Bharati”: Allows farmers to receive advice through simple voice calls.

• Multi-Platform Accessibility:

• • Basic phone (voice call) – Supports non-smartphone users in rural areas.
  • Mobile application: Offers app-based interactive advisory and scheme tracking.
  • Integration with PM-KISAN and PMFBY apps: Links directly with major agricultural welfare platforms.

• Scheme Integration:

• • PM-KISAN: Facilitates income support tracking and grievance updates.
  • PMFBY: Enables crop insurance enrolment and claim status checks.
  • Soil Health Card: Provides soil nutrient data for informed fertiliser use.
  • Kisan Credit Card: Supports access to institutional agricultural credit.
  • Agriculture Infrastructure Fund: Offers information on agri-infrastructure financing support.
  • PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana: Guides farmers on irrigation assistance schemes.
  • Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization: Promotes access to farm machinery subsidies.
  • Per Drop More Crop: Encourages efficient micro-irrigation practices.
  • PM Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan: Provides MSP and price support details.
  • Modified Interest Subvention Scheme: Explains interest relief on short-term crop loans.

• Advisory Services:

• • ICAR-based crop and livestock guidance: Supplies research-backed farming recommendations.
  • Pest and disease alerts: Issues timely warnings to reduce crop losses.
  • Real-time mandi prices: Shares updated market rates to improve selling decisions.
  • Weather forecasts and agronomy advice: Aligns farm practices with climate conditions.
  • Grievance registration and tracking: Enables digital complaint filing and resolution monitoring.

• 24×7 Digital Agriculture Expert:

• • Round-the-clock operation: Ensures farmers can access services anytime.
  • Chat and voice interaction: Provides conversational assistance through text or speech.

 

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6th Generation Aero Engines

Source:  NIE

Subject:  Science and Technology

Context: Defence Minister of India has asked DRDO scientists to develop an indigenous 6th generation aero engine within 5–7 years.

About 6th Generation Aero Engines:

What is a 6th Generation Aero Engine?

• A 6th generation aero engine is an advanced jet engine designed for future stealth fighters.
• Unlike older engines that operate in one fixed mode, these engines can change their working style mid-air depending on mission needs.
• They are not just thrust providers. They also act as a power and cooling hub for AI systems, advanced radars, and future laser weapons.

How Does It Work?

• Cruise Mode (Fuel Saving Mode): The engine opens a third air stream, behaving like a high-bypass commercial jet to maximise fuel efficiency and extend flight range.
• Combat Mode (High Power Mode): The engine closes the third stream, redirecting airflow for higher thrust, rapid acceleration, and superior combat performance.
• Cooling Function: The additional airflow absorbs excess heat from radars, AI systems, and weapons, preventing overheating during high-intensity missions.
• Adaptive Cycle Engine (ACE): This smart system dynamically shifts between efficiency and power modes, optimising performance based on mission demands.

Key Features of 6th Gen Engines:

• Adaptive Cycle (Three-Stream Technology):

• • Enables the engine to switch between cruise efficiency and combat thrust, ensuring flexibility across different flight conditions.
  • Automatically balances fuel consumption and power output, improving both endurance and agility.

• High Thermal Management:

• • Effectively dissipates massive heat generated by advanced electronics and directed-energy weapons.
  • Functions as an integrated thermal control hub, safeguarding onboard systems during operations.

• Embedded Electrical Power Generation:

• • Produces significantly higher electrical output compared to previous engines, meeting next-gen aircraft power demands.
  • Supplies energy for high-powered radars, electronic warfare suites, and future laser systems.

• Advanced Materials (Ceramic Matrix Composites – CMCs):

• • Operate at extremely high temperatures without structural degradation, enhancing durability and efficiency.
  • Allow higher engine temperatures, which directly improve thrust-to-weight ratio and fuel performance.

• AI-Based Predictive Maintenance:

• • Uses real-time sensor data to continuously assess engine performance and detect anomalies early.
  • Predicts component wear before failure occurs, reducing downtime and maintenance costs.

 

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UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 17 February 2026 Mapping:

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NGT Approve Great Nicobar Project

Source:  IE

Subject:  Mapping

Context: The National Green Tribunal has cleared the ₹80,000-crore Great Nicobar Project, stating that it found no “good ground” to interfere with its environmental clearance.

About NGT Approve Great Nicobar Project:

What it is?

• The Great Nicobar Project is a mega infrastructure development plan valued at around ₹80,000 crore.
• It aims to transform Great Nicobar Island into a strategic maritime and economic hub in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

Location:

• Situated in Great Nicobar Island, the southernmost island of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago.
• Lies close to the Malacca Strait, one of the world’s busiest shipping lanes.
• Spread over 166 sq km, with diversion of around 130 sq km of forest land.

Aim of the Project:

• The primary objective is to transform the island into a major economic and strategic hub. It aims to leverage the island’s location near the Malacca Strait to boost India’s maritime presence and regional security.

Key Features:

• International Transshipment Port: A massive port facility designed to handle global shipping traffic.
• Integrated Township: Development of a modern urban center to support the project’s activities.
• Dual-Use Civil-Military Airport: A strategic airfield intended for both commercial and defense purposes.
• Power Infrastructure: A 450-MVA hybrid gas and solar power plant to provide reliable energy.
• Land Diversion: The plan entails diverting 130 sq km of forest land and felling nearly one million trees.

Significance:

• Strategic Imperative: Strengthens India’s position in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) amid geopolitical competition.
• Economic Potential: Taps into international shipping routes, potentially transforming India into a global logistics

 

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