Source: TOI
Subject: Mapping
Context: The proposal by US President Donald Trump to acquire Greenland has resurfaced, triggering strong opposition from Denmark and European allies, who cite sovereignty and international law constraints.
About Greenland:
What it is?
- Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) is the world’s largest island and a self-governing territory with extensive internal autonomy, while remaining within the Kingdom of Denmark.
Located in:
- North Atlantic Ocean and Arctic region
- Largely within the Arctic Circle, between North America and Europe
Key geological features:
- Greenland Ice Sheet: Covers about 80% of the island, second only to Antarctica, and a critical indicator of global climate change.
- Ancient shield rocks: Geologically part of the Canadian Shield, composed mainly of Precambrian rocks.
- Fjords and glaciers: Deeply indented coastlines with fast-moving outlet glaciers such as Jakobshavn Glacier.
- Resource potential: Significant deposits of rare earth elements, critical minerals, and hydrocarbons.
Currently governed by:
- Denmark retains control over defence, foreign affairs, and currency.
- Greenland’s elected government manages domestic affairs, under the Self-Rule Act (2009), which recognises the right to self-determination.
Limits under international law:
- UN Charter (Article 2(4)) prohibits acquisition of territory by threat or use of force.
- Any territorial transfer requires free, voluntary consent of the concerned sovereign state(s) and the people of Greenland.
- Annexation or coerced cession is considered illegal under modern international law.
