“When the State presumes guilt, it must equally presume responsibility.” In the light of this observation, analyse judicial concerns over reverse burden statutes. Evaluate existing safeguards in India’s criminal procedure. Suggest reforms to ensure fair trial guarantees.

Q5. “When the State presumes guilt, it must equally presume responsibility.” In the light of this observation, analyse judicial concerns over reverse burden statutes. Evaluate existing safeguards in India’s criminal procedure. Suggest reforms to ensure fair trial guarantees. (15 M)