Source: LM
Subject: History
Context: Prime Minister of India and Home Minister paid tribute to Bhagwan Birsa Munda on his 150th birth anniversary, celebrated nationwide as Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas.
About 150th Birth Anniversary of Birsa Munda:
Who He Was?
- Birsa Munda (1875–1900) was a legendary tribal freedom fighter, social reformer, and charismatic leader of the Munda tribe.
- Revered as “Bhagwan” and “Dharti Aaba” (Father of the Earth) for protecting forests, land, and tribal identity.
Birth & Region:
- Born in Ulihatu village, in present-day Khunti district of Jharkhand, located in the Chhotanagpur plateau.
- Spent early years in Chalkad and Kurumbda, also received schooling in Salga and later in Chaibasa.
Contributions to the Munda Movement (Ulgulan)
- Led the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan – “Great Tumult”) against British oppression, land alienation, forced labour, and missionary interference.
- Fought against the destruction of Mundari Khuntkatti (traditional land system) and the rise of exploitative thikadars (intermediaries).
- Mobilised Oraon, Munda, and Kharia tribes to fight for land rights and self-rule.
- Promoted social reforms — anti-alcoholism, rejection of superstition, and emphasis on hygiene and cultural revival.
- Coined the slogan: “Abua Raj setar jana, Maharani Raj tundu jana” (End the Queen’s rule, establish our own rule).
- Practised guerrilla warfare targeting oppressive colonial structures—police stations, churches, and offices.
Unique Facts About Birsa Munda:
- Originally named Daud Munda after his family’s temporary conversion to Christianity.
- Founded his own socio-religious sect called Birsait, becoming a spiritual leader.
- A gifted musician—played the flute and tuila, and was an active participant in village akhra dances.
- Died young at 25 (1900) in Ranchi jail, yet the rebellion led to the landmark Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908, which protected tribal land rights.
- His legacy inspires literature, films, folk songs, and a 150-feet statue erected in Jharkhand.
