Topic: Changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes
Q2. “Nature-based solutions are more sustainable than engineering-heavy flood control systems in monsoon-dependent regions”. Discuss. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: DTE
Why the question:
Asked in the context of increasing urban flooding in monsoon cities and the growing shift toward nature-based stormwater management solutions.Key Demand of the question:
Discuss conventional engineering flood control methods, explain their limitations, and show why nature-based solutions offer more sustainable and hydrologically appropriate alternatives.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Briefly define monsoon flood characteristics and highlight the need for solutions aligned with natural hydrology.Body:
- Explain what engineering-based flood control solutions involve (drains, pump systems, channelization).
- Discuss challenges faced by these solutions (cost, failure under peak load, disruption of natural drainage, recharge loss).
- Explain how nature-based solutions support infiltration, storage, groundwater recharge, and ecological resilience.
Conclusion:
Reinforce that long-term flood resilience in monsoon regions requires working with natural hydrological processes rather than against them.
