Topic: Subordinate Courts
Q4. “Subordinate judiciary forms the real foundation of the justice system, yet remains the most neglected”. Analyse the reasons and suggest measures for institutional strengthening. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: InsightsIAS
Why the question:
Subordinate courts are the backbone of India’s justice delivery system, yet their inefficiency and neglect remain a major cause of pendency and loss of public trust. It tests understanding of institutional issues, governance challenges, and judicial reforms.Key Demand of the question:
The answer must first justify why the subordinate judiciary is considered the foundation of justice, then analyse the reasons behind its neglect, and finally suggest institutional and policy measures for its effective strengthening.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:Briefly highlight the constitutional and functional role of subordinate courts as the citizen’s first point of access to justice.
Body:
- Explain why subordinate courts form the foundation of the justice system.
- Analyse the major causes of neglect—vacancies, lack of infrastructure, limited autonomy, outdated procedures, etc.
- Suggest institutional strengthening measures like filling vacancies, digitisation, judicial infrastructure authority, and training reforms.
Conclusion:
Emphasize that reforms in subordinate courts are essential to realise Article 39A’s goal of equal and timely justice and to strengthen the rule of law.
