Topic: Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure
Q3. “Freedom of expression is not absolute, but excessive prior restraint weakens democratic accountability”. Discuss. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: NIE
Why the question
Recent debates on online censorship frameworks like the Sahyog portal, highlighting the constitutional tension between reasonable restrictions and excessive prior restraint in a democracy.Key Demand of the question
The question demands discussion on the non-absolute nature of freedom of expression, the dangers of excessive prior restraint for democratic accountability, and the mechanisms to balance regulation with constitutional safeguards.Structure of the Answer
Introduction
Define freedom of expression as central to democracy but not absolute under Article 19(2).Body
- Constitutional basis and limits: Briefly note Articles, duties, and judicial precedents.
- Risks of excessive prior restraint: Explain chilling effect, executive misuse, accountability deficit, global contrasts.
- Balancing regulation and rights: Suggest judicial oversight, independent regulators, transparency, parliamentary scrutiny.
Conclusion
Conclude with a rights-based, transparent, and proportionate regulatory framework to protect democracy in the digital age.
