Source: TH
Context: The Supreme Court-appointed SIT has found no statutory irregularities in Reliance-owned Vantara’s acquisition of animals, affirming compliance with all wildlife and trade laws.
About Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972:
- What it is?
- A comprehensive legislation enacted by Parliament to protect India’s wildlife, habitats, and regulate human-wildlife interaction. It provides a legal framework for the protection of endangered species and creation of protected areas.
- Aim:
- To ensure the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants.
- To maintain ecological and environmental security by preventing extinction of species.
- To regulate hunting, trade, and possession of wildlife products.
- Key Features:
- Six Schedules (I–VI) classifying species based on protection level (Schedule I & II provide absolute protection; Schedule VI regulates cultivation of certain plants).
Note: It has been amended into 4 schedules by Wildlife (Protection) Act, 2022.
- Creation of Protected Areas: National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves, Community Reserves.
- Regulation of Hunting: Complete ban on hunting of endangered species; permits only for special purposes like scientific research or population control.
- Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB): Established to fight wildlife crimes and illegal trade.
- Zoo Regulation: Chapter IV-A provides for recognition, management, and regulation of zoos through the Central Zoo Authority.
- Penalties: Stringent fines and imprisonment for offences, especially involving Schedule I animals.
About Legal Provision for Acquisition of Animals:
- What the Law Says:
- Section 40 & 42 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act require any person acquiring, possessing, or transferring a scheduled wild animal (or article) to seek prior permission from the Chief Wildlife Warden (CWW).
- Section 43 prohibits transfer by sale or offer unless with CWW permission.
- Section 49 & 49B regulate trade and transport of scheduled animals, ensuring they are not procured illegally or smuggled.
- Process for Acquisition:
- Application: Individual/organisation applies to CWW specifying species, purpose, and source.
- Verification: Authority verifies legality of source (domestic zoo, rescue centre, or permitted foreign institution).
- Permit/License: Permit issued under Zoo Rules, 2009 (for recognised zoos) or under international agreements like CITES for imports/exports.
- Transport & Quarantine: Transport must comply with IATA Live Animal Regulations; post-arrival, animals undergo veterinary quarantine.
- Reporting & Record-Keeping: Acquirer must maintain inventory and submit records to authorities periodically.
