Source: TH
Context: Nilgiris tea growers are facing a persistent cost price crisis due to low prices for green tea leaves (GTL), overproduction, and weak auction mechanisms, threatening the sustainability of small growers in the region.
About Nilgiri Tea:
- What it is?
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- Nilgiri tea is a variety of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, grown in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu.
- Known for its brisk, fragrant, and full-bodied liquor, it is often blended into iced teas, masala chai, and global tea brands.
- Region:
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- Cultivated mainly in the Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, with smaller areas in Kerala and Karnataka.
- Recognised as a Geographical Indication (GI) product since 2008.
- Features:
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- Produces both orthodox rolled teas and CTC (crush-tear-curl) teas.
- Flavour profile: citrus and floral notes, light yet full-bodied, retains clarity when cooled (ideal for iced tea).
- Used in blends by global commercial brands like Nestea.
- Geographic Conditions Needed:
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- Altitude: 1,000–2,500 metres in the Western Ghats.
- Climate: Two monsoons (Southwest & Northeast), alternating fog, rain, and sunshine.
- Soil: Lateritic loam, rich and well-drained, supporting high-quality growth.
- Cultivation cycle: Frequent plucking (≈32 times annually), with the first harvest (“frost tea”) after a short dormancy in winter, noted for unique flavour.
- Issues faced by Nilgiri tea industry:
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- Low Prices: Green Tea Leaf (GTL) prices often below cost of production.
- Overcapacity: Too many factories vs. crop output, reducing quality.
- Market Dependence: Heavy reliance on Russia/USSR in past; poor diversification.
- Auction Problems: Manipulation, advance deals, and weak price discovery.
- Quality Concerns: Adulteration and inconsistent standards.
- High Costs: Rising labour and input costs burden small growers.
