Topic: Infrastructure: Energy
Q6. Explain the comparative advantages and limitations of pumped hydro and battery storage in India’s energy transition. Suggest how both can be developed in parallel. (10 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: DTE
Why the question
India’s growing emphasis on pumped hydro storage over batteries due to lifecycle, cost, and recycling concerns, highlighted by recent CEA and PMO initiatives.Key Demand of the question
It asks for a comparative evaluation of advantages and limitations of both storage technologies, and finally, a roadmap on how they can be developed in parallel to support India’s renewable energy transition.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Contextualise storage as the backbone of renewable integration and grid stability; mention India’s storage targets.
Body:
- Advantages of pumped hydro: Longevity, cost-effectiveness, and large-scale balancing role.
- Limitations of pumped hydro: Site dependence, long gestation, and high capital needs.
- Advantages of battery storage: Location flexibility, rapid response, and modular scalability.
- Limitations of battery storage: Short lifespan, recycling challenges, and import dependence.
- Parallel development: Integrated policy, differentiated financing, regional complementarity, and circular economy approach.
Conclusion:
End by stressing synergy of PHS for baseload and BESS for flexibility as a balanced pathway to net-zero 2070.
