Topic: Revolutionaries (Phase 1 & 2), Reasons for Emergence & Philosophy
Q2. How did the second phase of revolutionary nationalism (post-1919) differ in ideology and methods? What contributions did it make to the freedom struggle? (10 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: InsightsIAS
Why the question
Arises from the shift in revolutionary strategies after 1919, when revolutionaries adopted socialist ideals and broader methods, influencing India’s national struggle.Key Demand of the question
The answer must explain how the second phase differed in ideology and methods from the earlier phase, and then analyse the contributions it made to the larger freedom struggle.Structure of the Answer
Introduction:
Brief context of post-1919 developments (Jallianwala Bagh, withdrawal of Non-Cooperation) leading to a new phase of revolutionary nationalism.
Body
- Differences in ideology and methods: Socialist turn, organised structures, symbolic actions, propaganda, global linkages.
- Contributions to freedom struggle: Inspiring youth, broadening nationalist base, radicalising Congress agenda, linking with global anti-imperialist ideas.
Conclusion:
Emphasise their lasting legacy in infusing nationalism with courage, socialist vision, and internationalist outlook.
