Source: TH
Context: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has come under criticism over its handling of the Keeladi excavations in Tamil Nadu and the controversial transfer of archaeologist K. Amarnath Ramakrishna.
About Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
What it is
- The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is the apex government body responsible for archaeological research, conservation, and preservation of monuments and heritage sites in India.
- It functions under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
- Founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham, regarded as the “Father of Indian Archaeology”.
- Initially set up during the colonial era, later restructured post-Independence.
Chaired by
- Headed by the Director General of Archaeology, appointed by the Government of India.
- Headquarters – New Delhi.
- Circles/Regional Units – Around 36 circles, each headed by a Superintending Archaeologist.
- Specialised Wings – Epigraphy, Excavation Branches, Science Branch, Prehistory Branch, Museums Branch, Conservation Wing.
- Subordinate Offices – Site museums, libraries, and research institutions under ASI’s control.
Functions and Powers
- Excavation & Exploration: Conduct systematic archaeological excavations and surveys across India.
- Monument Protection: Administer the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.
- Conservation & Preservation: Maintain more than 3,600 protected monuments, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
- Epigraphy & Numismatics: Study ancient inscriptions, coins, and manuscripts.
- Museums: Manage site museums showcasing excavated artefacts.
- Research & Publication: Publish annual reports, monographs, and surveys.
- Regulation & Control: Grant permissions for construction near protected monuments and regulate archaeological practices.
- International Cooperation: Collaborate with foreign archaeological missions and UNESCO in heritage management.
