Topic: India and its neighbourhood- relations
Q4. Examine the strategic evolution of India–Nepal relations in the 21st century. What are the major drivers of convergence and causes of divergence? Suggest a framework for long-term bilateral stability. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Easy
Reference: TH
Why the question:
The recent 2025 Home Secretary-level talks, growing Chinese influence in Nepal, and evolving India–Nepal strategic cooperation amidst regional power recalibrations.Key Demand of the question:
The question demands an analysis of how India–Nepal strategic relations have evolved in the 21st century, the key factors driving mutual cooperation and conflict, and a framework that ensures long-term bilateral stability.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Mention the deep-rooted civilisational ties and how 21st-century shifts have introduced new geopolitical and strategic imperatives.Body
- Highlight key phases and themes in the strategic evolution of India–Nepal ties post-2000.
- Identify drivers of convergence such as connectivity, trade, energy, and cultural linkages.
- Identify causes of divergence such as border disputes, political instability, and China’s growing footprint.
- Suggest a future-oriented framework for stability through institutional mechanisms, cooperative security, and subnational diplomacy.
Conclusion
Emphasise the need to re-anchor ties on mutual dignity and strategic empathy to shape a resilient and future-proof partnership.
