Topic: Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent);
Q2. Discuss the geospatial and socio-economic factors that determine the success of rooftop solar initiatives in Indian cities. How can urban geography be aligned with renewable energy goals? (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: DTE
Why the question:
Rapid urban rooftop solar adoption in cities like Prayagraj under schemes like PM Surya Ghar Yojana has made it crucial to understand how spatial and socio-economic factors shape solar success in urban geography.Key demand of the question:
The question demands an examination of the geographical and socio-economic determinants of rooftop solar success in Indian cities and seeks suggestions on aligning urban geography with renewable energy targets.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Define rooftop solar in the context of urban energy transition and briefly highlight its growing relevance in Indian cities.Body
- Explain key geospatial factors like solar insolation, urban form, pollution levels, grid access, and risk zones.
- Analyse socio-economic drivers such as affordability, awareness, vendor availability, financial access, and community influence.
- Suggest urban planning interventions—mandatory rooftop norms, public infrastructure retrofits, rooftop GIS zoning, integration with affordable housing, etc.
Conclusion
Summarise with a forward-looking statement on embedding solar ecosystems into city planning for sustainable, decentralised energy futures.
