UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 12 June 2025

Solution: b)

Statement 1: Incorrect. Primary prevention involves immunization, lifestyle changes, and health education, not screenings or diagnostic tests.

Statement 2: Correct. Secondary prevention focuses on early disease detection through screenings and diagnostic tests.

Statement 3: Correct. Tertiary prevention involves managing existing conditions to minimize complications and improve quality of life.

What is Preventive Healthcare?

Preventive healthcare focuses on identifying and mitigating potential health risks before they develop into severe conditions.

Solution: d)

The “Catch the Rain” campaign is a flagship initiative under the Jal Shakti Abhiyan, emphasizing rainwater harvesting and water conservation. It focuses on creating awareness and implementing water-harvesting structures in both urban and rural areas to recharge groundwater efficiently. The campaign aligns with the broader goal of addressing India’s growing water scarcity issues through community participation.

Solution: c)

Scammers often rely on fake advertisements on platforms like Google and Facebook to initiate contact with potential victims in Pig-Butchering Scams. These ads are designed to appear legitimate and frequently promote opportunities for investments, online trading, or quick financial gains. Once victims click on these ads, they are directed to fraudulent websites or applications where scammers establish trust by posing as knowledgeable advisors or friendly acquaintances.

The term “Pig-Butchering” reflects the scam’s strategy: scammers “fatten up” victims by building trust over time, often through long conversations or fake success stories, before eventually defrauding them of large sums of money.

Unlike other methods like hacking or phone impersonation, fake advertisements are highly scalable, enabling scammers to reach a wide audience with minimal effort. These deceptive tactics exploit human psychology and the trust placed in reputed platforms, making them a favored method for initiating contact.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is Correct. Mission Indradhanush ensures vaccination for children and pregnant women against preventable diseases.

Statement 2 is Correct. It aims for universal immunization but focuses on achieving this in underperforming districts.

Statement 3 is Incorrect. The program is limited to immunization and does not include screening for NCDs.

Government Schemes for Preventive Healthcare:

• Ayushman Bharat:Includes Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) for early screenings of NCDs.
• National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS):Focuses on awareness, screenings, and management of NCDs.
• National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP):Aims to reduce tobacco use and associated diseases.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY):Provides financial assistance for secondary and tertiary care.
• Mission Indradhanush:Ensures immunization coverage for preventable diseases.
• Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK):Targets health conditions in children through early intervention services.

Solution: c)

MSP provides income stability and encourages farmers to diversify crops by offering remunerative prices for various commodities. While MSP indirectly impacts inflation by stabilizing supply, it is not designed to directly reduce input costs for farmers.

What is MSP?

• Definition: MSP is the price at which the government purchases crops from farmers to ensure they do not incur losses.
• Established by: Recommended by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) under the Ministry of Agriculture, final approval by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA).
• Crops Covered: MSP is declared for 23 crops, including cereals, pulses, oilseeds, and commercial crops like cotton and jute.
• Purpose: Protect farmers from price fluctuations, provide income stability, and ensure agricultural growth.

Solution: c)

Government Initiatives for Groundwater Conservation

• Jal Shakti Abhiyan:Focuses on rainwater harvesting and water conservation under the “Catch the Rain” campaign.
• Atal Bhujal Yojana(2020): Targets groundwater management in water-stressed regions across seven states.
• Mission Amrit Sarovar (2022):Plans to create/rejuvenate 75 Amrit Sarovars in each district for water harvesting.
• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY):Expands irrigation coverage and improves water-use efficiency.
• National Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM):Covers 25 lakh sq. km, aiding in better planning for groundwater recharge.
• Master Plan for Artificial Recharge (2020):Proposes 42 crore rainwater harvesting structures to harness 185 BCM of rainfall.
• Watershed Development Component of PMKSY(WDC-PMKSY): Promotes soil conservation and rainwater harvesting.
• National Water Policy (2012): Advocates rainwater harvesting and efficient water use.

Solution: d)

The average inscription length of five symbols suggests the script likely served symbolic or religious purposes or brief identifications, such as marking ownership or trade goods. Its brevity indicates it was not used for extensive literary or administrative records.

Solution: d)

Tidal tails are elongated streams of stars, gas, and dust that are formed when galaxies interact gravitationally, often during collisions or close encounters.

Statement 1 is correct as tidal tails are visible in multiple wavelengths, including ultraviolet and infrared, which reveal young stars and dust obscured regions, respectively.

Statement 2 is correct because the compression of gas within tidal tails during gravitational interactions can lead to the formation of new stars, making them active regions of star formation.

Statement 3 is also correct since tidal tails are a clear indication of gravitational interactions between galaxies, providing insights into their dynamics and evolution. These features make tidal tails important observational evidence in understanding galaxy mergers and interactions.

Solution: a)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules typically 20-25 nucleotides long that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They achieve this by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. This mechanism makes statement 1 correct but statement 2 incorrect, as miRNAs do not bind to the coding region of mRNA.

Additionally, miRNAs are crucial in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are implicated in various biological processes, including development, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of miRNAs is linked to several genetic disorders and plays a key role in the progression of cancers by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Thus, statement 3 is correct.

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is Incorrect. Vaccination campaigns are part of primary prevention, not tertiary prevention.

Statement 2 is Correct. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection of diseases, often before symptoms become evident.

Statement 3 is Correct. Primary prevention includes promoting healthy lifestyles to prevent the onset of diseases.

What is Preventive Healthcare?

Preventive healthcare focuses on identifying and mitigating potential health risks before they develop into severe conditions.

Types of Preventive Healthcare:

• Primary Prevention:Prevents diseases through immunization, lifestyle changes, and health education.
• Secondary Prevention:Focuses on early detection via screenings and diagnostic tests.
• Tertiary Prevention:Aims to manage and reduce complications of existing conditions.