Topic: Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
Q3. India’s free speech framework is eroding under the pressure of majoritarian sensitivity. Evaluate this claim in the context of the Fundamental Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression. Discuss key constitutional case laws. Suggest a model to protect vulnerable voices while maintaining public order. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question:
Indian courts today are not defending free speech. They are managing it. And in this curious inversion of constitutional values, we are witnessing a quiet retreat from the principle that animated Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution.Key Demand of the question:
The answer must examine the claim of erosion of free speech due to majoritarianism, evaluate how the right to freedom of expression is interpreted through key case laws, and propose a legal-institutional model that ensures both protection of dissent and maintenance of public order.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly highlight India’s traditional culture of debate and how public outrage is now increasingly used to suppress legitimate expression.Body
- Examine how the fear of offending majoritarian sentiment is curbing free speech in present India.
- Discuss major case laws like Shreya Singhal, Rangarajan, and others that defined the contours of protected speech.
- Propose institutional, legal, and procedural reforms to safeguard dissenting voices while addressing public order concerns.
Conclusion
Reaffirm the need to preserve India’s foundational commitment to open expression and warn against majoritarian veto over rights.
