Describe the different types of volcanoes based on shape and eruption style. Explain how they form. Give examples of each from different parts of the world.

Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.

Q2. Describe the different types of volcanoes based on shape and eruption style. Explain how they form. Give examples of each from different parts of the world. (15 M)

Difficulty Level: Easy

Reference: TH

Why the question
A volcano is said to be active if it’s erupting right now or will soon; there are also zombie volcanoes like Uturuncu in Bolivia

Key Demand of the question
The answer must clearly classify volcanoes based on their external form and eruption behaviour, explain the physical processes responsible for their formation, and support each type with globally representative examples.

Structure of the Answer:

Introduction
Define volcanoes briefly as surface expressions of Earth’s internal heat, shaped by magma, tectonic setting, and eruptive style.

Body

• Identify and describe major types of volcanoes based on structure and eruption pattern (e.g., shield, composite, cinder cone, lava dome, caldera).
• Explain formation mechanisms for each type including magma viscosity, gas content, and tectonic context (e.g., hotspots, subduction zones).
• Provide one example for each type from different regions (e.g., Mauna Loa, Mount Fuji, Parícutin, Yellowstone, Eyjafjallajökull).

Conclusion
Emphasise the importance of volcano classification for geohazard mitigation, understanding Earth’s evolution, and regional planning.