Source: IT
Context: Prime Minister of India greeted the people of Sikkim on the 50th anniversary of its statehood. This milestone commemorates the peaceful integration of the Himalayan kingdom into the Union of India in 1975.
About Sikkim:
- Location: Part of Northeastern India and shares international borders with Nepal (west), Bhutan (east), China (north), and Indian state West Bengal (south).
- Capital: Gangtok, known for its fusion of Tibetan Buddhist culture and modernity.
- Statehood: Became the 22nd state of India through the 36th Constitutional Amendment in 1975.
- Historical Background:
- Originally ruled by the Namgyal dynasty (Chogyals) from 1642–1975.
- Became a British protectorate in 1861 under the Treaty of Tumlong.
- Post-independence, remained an Indian protectorate through the 1950 Indo-Sikkim Treaty.
- Merged with India following a 1975 referendum, where over 97% voted for abolishing monarchy and joining India.
- Key Features of Sikkim:
- First 100% Organic State in India — pioneered sustainable agriculture.
- Ecological Richness: Part of the Eastern Himalayas biodiversity hotspot, home to species like the red panda and Himalayan blue poppy.
- Cultural Diversity: Home to Lepchas, Bhutias, and Nepalis; preserves vibrant Buddhist traditions.
- Strategic Importance: Acts as a buffer state between India and China; region of historical and geopolitical significance, especially near Doklam.
- Tourism & Development: Focus on eco-tourism, clean energy, and heritage preservation.
