Source: TOI
Context: Indian scientists have achieved a breakthrough in yak genomic research by assembling the first-ever chromosome-level genome of the Indian yak (Bos grunniens).
- The initiative, led by ICAR-NRC on Yak, Dirang, will bolster breeding programs and improve conservation of this high-altitude livestock species.
About Indian Yak:
- What It Is:
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- The Himalayan yak is a long-haired, high-altitude bovine species belonging to the Bovini tribe (includes cattle, buffalo, and bison).
- Scientifically known as Bos grunniens, it is revered as the ‘ship of the Himalayas’ for its transport and livelihood utility.
- Habitat & Distribution:
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- Endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding high-altitude zones.
- Comfortable at altitudes above 14,000 feet.
- In India, yaks are reared in:
- Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and Ladakh.
- Key Features:
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- Extreme Cold Resistance: Tolerates temperatures as low as –40°C.
- Adapted Physiology: Possesses an enlarged rumen to digest low-quality forage efficiently.
- Thick Coat: Long, hanging hair forms an insulating layer against cold winds.
- Transhumance Rearing: Traditionally managed under primitive nomadic systems.
- Lifeline of Nomads: Critical for milk, meat, wool, hide, dung fuel, and transport in Himalayan economies.
- Significance:
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- Livelihood Security: Backbone of pastoral communities in eco-fragile zones.
- Genetic Resource: Offers traits like cold resilience and disease resistance, vital for climate-smart livestock breeding.
- Economic Importance: Supports eco-tourism, dairy cooperatives, and wool industry in hill economies.
- Ecological Role: Integral to maintaining grassland balance and pastoral sustainability in alpine meadows.
