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General Studies – 1
Topic: Population and associated issues.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
Rising generational rifts and behavioural resistance among youth have sparked debates on the role of socialisation and authority in shaping collective cohesion, especially in digitally influenced societies.Key Demand of the question
The answer must analyse the sociological causes behind increasing youth resistance to correction and examine how this resistance impacts interpersonal trust, authority structures, and broader social harmony.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly mention how youth attitudes today reflect shifting norms, peer-centric validation, and challenges to conventional authority.Body
- Mention psychological and socio-cultural causes for resistance such as peer validation, lack of emotional safety, and individualism.
- Discuss consequences like breakdown of intergenerational trust, social disconnection, and weakening of mentoring institutions.
Conclusion
Suggest the need for empathetic, dialogic, and youth-sensitive mentoring models to reinforce constructive correction and social bonding.
Topic: Role of women and women’s organization, changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Reference: DTE
Why the question
Climate change is fuelling a global surge in violence against women and girls, with one in 10 cases of intimate partner violence projected to be linked to climate impacts by the end of the century, a new United Nations report has warned.Key Demand of the question
The question requires identifying how climate change fuels gender-based violence, assessing how these patterns vary across regions, and recommending long-term, structural solutions to ensure gender safety in climate adaptation.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Introduce the link between climate instability and the rise in gender-based violence, with a recent fact to set context.Body
- Analyse the pathways: displacement, livelihood loss, food insecurity, institutional breakdown, etc.
- Examine regional variations: Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Latin America, Island nations, Indigenous contexts.
- Propose long-term solutions: gender-integrated adaptation plans, financing, localised safety models, legal tech tools, women’s leadership.
Conclusion
Call for integrated, gender-responsive climate governance to build inclusive resilience against overlapping crises.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies
Difficulty Level: Easy
Reference: IE
Why the question:
Recently, the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) issued a stern warning to coaching centres across India, cautioning them against misleading advertisements.Key Demand of the question:
To assess the functional role of the CCPA, identify systemic challenges limiting its effectiveness, and propose reforms to empower it as a more robust consumer protection body.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly mention the creation of CCPA under the Consumer Protection Act 2019 and its relevance in the age of digital commerce.Body
- Role of CCPA in safeguarding rights – Discuss its core functions like regulating advertisements, product recalls, e-commerce monitoring, etc.
- Institutional limitations – Point out structural, awareness, technological, and jurisdictional shortcomings.
- Measures to strengthen CCPA – Suggest statutory, administrative, technological, and public outreach reforms.
Conclusion
Assert the need to transform CCPA into a proactive and tech-driven rights body to secure consumer confidence in a growing market economy.
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question:
Rapid demographic ageing and findings from recent studies like LASI and The Lancet (2025) highlight how rural elderly face severe healthcare access barriers, especially due to distance and poor local planning.Key demand of the question:
The question requires examining how geographical inaccessibility affects the health-seeking behaviour of rural elderly and proposing structural reforms in local health planning to address this challenge.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly highlight the growing rural elderly population and the critical role of physical proximity in healthcare access.Body
- Geographical inaccessibility and health-seeking behaviour: Show how long distances reduce care utilisation, delay treatment, and create gendered barriers.
- Structural reforms in local health planning: Suggest decentralised geriatric care, mobile health units, digital outreach, and district-level health planning reforms.
Conclusion
End with a forward-looking statement on making health systems age-friendly through decentralised, inclusive, and proximity-based service delivery.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: DTE
Why the question
Scientists have confirmed that the world’s worst ongoing global coral bleaching event has now affected nearly 84 per cent of the world’s coral reefs.Key Demand of the question
The question requires an examination of the global scale and root causes of the ongoing mass bleaching event, followed by an assessment of its ecological impacts on dependent marine species.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly introduce the record-breaking nature of the fourth global bleaching event and its link to rising ocean temperatures.Body
- Analyse the scale and causes: Unprecedented Ocean warming, El Niño impact, local anthropogenic pressures, etc.
- Evaluate the repercussions: Collapse of reef ecosystems, biodiversity loss, fishery decline, rise in coral diseases, etc.
Conclusion
Highlight the ecological tipping point this event represents and the urgency for integrated global reef resilience strategies.
Topic: Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
The Pahalgam terror attack and continued militancy in India highlight the need to reassess why terrorism endures despite countermeasures.Key demand of the question
The question demands an analysis of factors behind the sustained presence of terror networks in India, identification of gaps in institutional mechanisms, the influence of external actors and ideologies, and a comprehensive set of policy reforms.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction
Briefly highlight the persistence of terrorism in India despite policy and security interventions, linking it to evolving threats.Body
- Reasons for survival of terrorist networks: Mention external sanctuaries, digital radicalisation, and ineffective de-radicalisation.
- Institutional weaknesses in security apparatus: Touch upon poor inter-agency coordination, manpower gaps, and urban vulnerability.
- External support and radical narratives: Refer to cross-border backing, transnational ideologies, and digital ecosystems.
- Comprehensive reform strategy: Suggest intelligence reform, legal restructuring, civic participation, and tech-driven resilience.
Conclusion
Emphasise the need for anticipatory governance and a balance between state response and community integration.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: InsightsIAS
Why the question:
There is growing recognition that emotional intelligence is essential in making grievance redressal mechanisms more empathetic and citizen-centric. Administrative reforms like Mission Karmayogi have also brought EI into the spotlight.Key demand of the question:
The answer must examine how emotional intelligence aids in addressing citizen grievances through empathy, and suggest institutional methods to train civil servants in developing this capacity.Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Briefly define emotional intelligence and link it to institutional empathy and citizen trust.Body:
- Role of EI in grievance redressal: mention its importance in empathy, conflict de-escalation, ethical decision-making, and trust-building.
- Ways to train civil servants: suggest formal training integration, simulations, reflective practices, psychometric tools, and wellness programs.
Conclusion:
Highlight how EI can humanise governance and build a responsive administrative culture.
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