DAY – 41 : Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2025 : MODERN INDIA

Solution: A

• Kaliparaj referred the dark-skinned people in the Bardoli taluq during the first half of the 20th century.
• Hali system was the system under which these people laboured as hereditary labourers for upper caste land owners and were subjected to several oppressions.
• The congressmen and other upper caste people worked against this system supporting the Kaliparaj community

Hence statement 1 is incorrect

• In 1927 the Bombay government raised land revenue in the area by 21.97% in the backdrop of famine and flood.
• The move affected the Patidars, Baniyas and Anavil Brahmans.
• The Bardoli Satyagraha was launched in 1928 by Vallabhbhai Patel, the president of Gujarat Congress Committee who mobilize the peasants and organised the movement against the hike in taxation by the government.

Hence statement 2 is correct

• Finally, a judicial inquiry was initiated on the basis of which enhanced revenue rates were cut down, confiscated lands were returned and finally revenue revisions were abandoned.
• The enquiry conducted by a judicial officer came to the conclusion that the increase had been unjustified and reduced the enhancement of revenue to 6.03%.
• The Bardoli Inquiry Committee was set up by the Congress to look into the issue of rent enhancement.

Hence statement 3 is incorrect

Solution: A

• The Deccan Education Society was established in Pune, Maharashtra by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Vishnu Shastri Chiplunkar and Gopal Ganesh Agarkar in 1884.
• It operates numerous educational establishments with a mission to provide quality education and promote Holistic development.
• It still continues to operate and provide educational opportunities.

Hence statement 1 is correct

• The Indian Women’s University was established by Dr Dhondo Keshav Karve in 1916 in Bombay.
• It is the first Women’s University in India and Southeast Asia.
• It is presently known as Sreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women’s University.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

Solution: B

• The journal Bharat Shramajibi was associated with the Working Men’s Club
• The club was founded by Shashipada Banerjee in 1870 and the journal was also published by him
• It was one of the first Indian journals for the working class.

Hence pair 1 is correct

• The Majoor Mahajan Sangh was founded in 1920 in Ahmedabad to protect the right of Ahmedabad textile mill workers.
• It was established with the help of Anusuya Sarabhai, a pioneer of labour movement of India and that of Mahatma Gandhi.
• Harijan was a weekly publication founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1933 to promote his campaign against untouchability.

Hence pair 2 is incorrect

• The weekly paper Dinabandhu was associated with Bombay Millhands Association
• It was established by Narayan meghaji Lokhande.
• The paper served as a platform to inform and educate mill workers about their rights and grievances and also to promote their concerns.

Hence pair 3 is correct

Solution: D

• The Revolutionary Socialist Party was formed in 1940 by Tridib Chaudhuri
• Its root can be traced back to the Bengal liberation movement and Anushilan Samiti as well as Hindustan Socialist Republican Army.

Hence pair 1 is incorrect

• United Socialist Organisation was formed by Sarat Chandra Bose, elder brother of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in 1947.
• Bose resigned from the Congress and formed his own party and tried to bring all non-communist leftist parties into an all-India coalition called the United Socialist Organisation of India which he hoped would be a leftist alternative to the Congress.

Hence pair 2 is incorrect.

• The Bolshevik Party of India was founded by N. Dutt Mazumdar
• It was founded in 1939 and played a role in trade union movement in Bengal.

Hence pair 3 is incorrect

Solution: A

• Tana Bhagat movement (1914-1920) emerged among the Oraon Tribes of Chotanagpur, Jharkhand
• Tana Bhagat was the major leader, also called Jatra Bhagat
• the main reasons included economic and cultural exploitation of the tribals which was done by the colonial rule.

Hence option 1 is incorrect 

• Bijolia uprising broke out in Rajasthan.
• It’s first phase was a continuous movement with local leadership launched in 1897 by Dhakad peasants
• Discontent among the peasants was mainly due to imposition of excessive land and other taxes.
• Chakra Bisoi was associated with Khond uprising of Odisha during 1837-56.

Hence option 2 is incorrect

• The Chenchu tribal movement broke out in Nallamalai forest of Andhra Pradesh.
• Kanneganti Hanumanthu led the tribals against the British during 1921-22.
• The tribals launched forest Satyagraha during the Non cooperation movement.

Hence option 3 is correct

• Patharughat Uprising broke out in 1894 in Assam
• A large number of peasants protested against the increasing land tax that laid to impoverishment.
• The peasants raised slogan against the authorities who decided to break up the meeting by force; firing and lathi charge followed and a number of peasants were killed or injured
• It has came to be known as Jallianwalabagh of Assam, though incident happened decades before the Punjab massacre.

Hence option 4 is incorrect

Solution: A

• The Tebhaga Movement surfaced in 1946 when the sharecroppers of Bengal began to assert that they would no longer pay half share of their crop to the jotedars.
• The peasants associated with the Tebhaga movement were encouraged by the fact that Bengal Land Revenue Commission popularly known as the Floud Commission had made recommendation to the government regarding storing of crops in the godowns of the share croppers before the share was given to the jotedars.

Hence statements 1 is correct.

• The Bargaders agreed to pay only one third of the crops cultivated
• They also argued that before division, the crop would be stored in their godowns and not that of the jotedars.
• The Movement was led by the Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha
• It soon developed into a clash between jotedars and Bargaders with the Bargaders insisting on storing the crop in their own khamers or godowns.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect.

• The Tebhaga Movement’s pressure and widespread peasant mobilization forced the Bengal government to address the issue of bargadar rights.
• As a result, the Bengal Bargadars Temporary Regulation Bill was passed in 1947, which provided some legal protections to sharecroppers, including recognizing their rights to a larger share of the produce and offering temporary safeguards against eviction.

Hence statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: D

• Nirankari movement founded by Baba Dayal Das, a contemporary of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
• He was among the first reformers of the Sikh community.
• Das taught his followers to believe in one formless God, hence the name Nirankari.

Hence statement 1 is correct

• The Namdhari movement or the Kuka movement was not part of the Nirankari movement
• Although both of them emerged around the same time and were Sikh reform movements, but they differed in their focus and approach.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

• The Namdhari or Kuka movement founded by Baba Ram Singh
• It emphasized the importance of the name of God and authority of Guru Granth Sahib
• Baba Ram Singh preached the worship of God and attacked social evils like caste system, female infanticide, early marriage and barter of daughters in marriage.

Hence statement 3 is correct

Solution: B

• The Guruvayur Temple Entry Satyagraha was launched by the Indian National Congress in the Thrissur district of Kerala in 1931 in an effort to promote social reforms and eliminate social discrimination and untouchability.
• It demanded entry of untouchables inside the Guruvayur temple.

Hence statement 1 is incorrect

• The Nair Service Society was created for social advancement and welfare of the Nair community in the state of Kerala; it was established in 1914 under the leadership of Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai.
• Kelappan was the co-founder and first President of the Society.
• The Nair Service Society was a major force behind the Guruvayur Satyagraha; it focused on upliftment of the Nair community through social, educational and economic initiatives.
• The Society also supported the Vaikom Satyagraha.

Hence statement 2 is correct

Solution: C

• Shatrapen was written by Gopal Hari Deshmukh.
• During 1848-50, Deshmukh, better known by his pen name Lokhitwadi, wrote his famous 100 letters, Shatapatren, in the Prabhakar a Marathi weekly.
• This formed the magnum opus of the early intellectual work in Maharashtra
• These letters were all encompassing in dimension and touch upon nearly every aspect of the contemporary society
• He advocated the restructuring of Indian society along modern humanistic lines.
• Deshmukh was a social activist and thinker from Maharashtra and an important figure in the social reform Movement in Maharashtra
• He wrote articles in Prabhakar under the pen name, aimed at social reforms.

Hence option C is correct

Solution: C

• With the formation of the Congress Socialist Party in 1934 the process of consolidation of the Left forces received a momentum
• The communists got the opportunity by becoming member of CSP to work in an open and legal fashion
• The consolidation of the Left encouraged the formation of an all-India body to co-ordinate Kisan movement
• the culmination was establishment of All India Kisan Congress in Lucknow 1936 which later came to be known as All India Kisan Sabha.

Hence statement 1 is correct

• Swami Sahajanand, the militant founder of Bihar provincial sabha was elected as the President and NG Ranga, the pioneer of the Kisan Movement in Andhra and a renounce scholar of the agrarian problem, was the general secretary of All India Kisan Sabha.
• The first session greeted in person by Jawaharlal Nehru.

Hence statement 2 is correct

Solution: D

• Pair 1 is correctly matched: The Komagata Maru incident (1914), involving a ship carrying Indian immigrants denied entry into Canada, fueled resentment among Indians abroad and became a rallying point for the Ghadar Movement, which aimed to overthrow British rule in India through armed rebellion.
• Pair 2 is correctly matched: Annie Besant, along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak, was a primary leader of the Home Rule Movement (1916), which aimed to achieve self-government for India within the British Empire.
• Pair 3 is correctly matched: The Champaran Satyagraha (1917), Mahatma Gandhi’s first major satyagraha in India, was launched against the exploitative Tinkathia system, which forced peasants to cultivate indigo on a portion of their land.
• Pair 4 is correctly matched: The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was launched by Indian Muslims, supported by Gandhi and the INC, to pressure the British government to preserve the authority and territories of the Ottoman Caliph (Khalifa), who was considered the spiritual head of Sunni Muslims worldwide, after Turkey’s defeat in World War I.

Solution: B

• Rowlatt Act enactment (3): The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, 1919 (popularly known as the Rowlatt Act) was passed in March 1919, allowing indefinite detention without trial.
• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1): This tragic event occurred on April 13, 1919, when British troops fired on a peaceful gathering protesting the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of local leaders in Amritsar.
• Launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement (2): Officially launched by Mahatma Gandhi on August 1, 1920 (following the expiry of his notice to the Viceroy), aiming for Swaraj and protesting the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Khilafat issue.
• Chauri Chaura incident (4): This incident, where protestors clashed with police resulting in the death of policemen, occurred on February 4/5, 1922, leading Gandhi to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Solution: C

• Statement I is correct: The Salt March or Dandi March, starting on March 12, 1930, and culminating in Gandhi breaking the salt law at Dandi on April 6, 1930, was the event that formally launched the Civil Disobedience Movement across India.
• Statement II is incorrect: While defying the unpopular salt laws was the immediate trigger and a powerful symbol, the Dandi March and the subsequent CDM had broader objectives. Salt was chosen as a symbol because it affected every Indian household, rich or poor, Hindu or Muslim, uniting them against a common grievance. The larger goal was Purna Swaraj (complete independence) and mass mobilization against British rule through non-violent civil disobedience encompassing various forms of protest beyond just the salt laws (e.g., boycott of foreign cloth, non-payment of taxes).

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct: The Act provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation comprising British Indian Provinces and Princely States that chose to accede. However, this federation never materialized as the required number of Princely States did not join.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Dyarchy (division of subjects into Reserved and Transferred) was introduced at the Centre by the Act of 1935, not abolished. Reserved subjects (like defence, external affairs) remained with the Governor-General, while Transferred subjects were to be administered with the advice of ministers responsible to the legislature.
• Statement 3 is correct: The Act abolished Dyarchy in the provinces, which had been introduced by the Act of 1919, and granted a larger degree of autonomy to the provinces, making ministers responsible to the provincial legislatures for all subjects.
• Statement 4 is correct: The Act provided for the establishment of a Federal Court (set up in 1937) to adjudicate disputes between provinces and the centre and interpret the Act.

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct: The failure of the Cripps Mission (March-April 1942) to offer any immediate transfer of effective power, coupled with the worsening war situation and Japanese threat, convinced the Congress leadership that a final struggle was necessary.
• Statement 2 is correct: During his speech at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay on August 8, 1942, preceding the launch of the movement, Gandhi gave the famous call “Do or Die” (Karo ya Maro), urging Indians to act as free citizens.
• Statement 3 is correct: With the arrest of almost all top Congress leaders immediately after the launch, the movement became largely leaderless and spontaneous. It saw widespread non-violent protests but also significant violence, sabotage of communication and transport lines, underground activities led by figures like Jayaprakash Narayan and Aruna Asaf Ali, and the establishment of parallel national governments (Jatiya Sarkars) in places like Satara, Tamluk, and Ballia.

Solution: D

All pairs are correctly matched.

• Forward Bloc (A) was founded by Subhas Chandra Bose (1) in 1939 after he resigned from the Congress presidency.
• Swaraj Party (B) was formed in 1923 by Congress leaders like C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru (2) who advocated council entry.
• The first Indian National Army (INA) (C) was conceptualized by Rash Behari Bose and formed by Captain Mohan Singh (3) with Indian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in Malaya. Subhas Chandra Bose later revitalized and led it.
• Khudai Khidmatgars (D) (Servants of God), also known as the Red Shirts, was a non-violent Pashtun movement led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (4) in the North-West Frontier Province.

Solution: C

• The historic ‘Objectives Resolution’ was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru on December 13, 1946, in the first session of the Constituent Assembly. It outlined the philosophy and guiding principles for the Constitution, declaring India as an Independent Sovereign Republic and laying down objectives like justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity for all its citizens. This resolution later formed the basis for the Preamble of the Constitution.

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct: The plan, announced on June 3, 1947, accepted the principle of partition and proposed the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: While the Indian Independence Act, 1947 (which implemented the Mountbatten Plan) terminated British paramountcy over the Princely States, it gave them the option to accede to either India or Pakistan. The option of remaining independent was theoretically present due to the lapse of paramountcy but was actively discouraged by Mountbatten and the British government, and not explicitly offered as a viable long-term third option within the plan itself.
• Statement 3 is correct: The plan outlined a specific procedure for the provincial legislative assemblies of Bengal and Punjab to meet in two parts (one representing Muslim-majority districts and the other the rest) to vote on whether the province should be partitioned. If either part voted for partition, the province would be divided. Referendums were also proposed for the North-West Frontier Province and the Sylhet district of Assam.

Solution: B

The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress, held in December 1929 under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, is historic for passing the resolution declaring ‘Purna Swaraj’ (Complete Independence) as the goal of the Congress. It also decided to boycott the Round Table Conference, authorized the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement, and declared January 26, 1930, as the first ‘Purna Swaraj Day’ (Independence Day), which was celebrated annually thereafter.

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct: Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, R.C. Dutt, and G.V. Joshi meticulously analyzed the economic impact of British policies and articulated the ‘drain of wealth’ theory, educating the public about India’s economic exploitation.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The Moderates primarily relied on constitutional methods like petitions and resolutions. While they highlighted peasant grievances, they did not organize mass peasant uprisings; their base was largely limited to the educated urban middle class. Mass mobilization, including peasant movements, became more characteristic of later phases, especially under Gandhi.
• Statement 3 is correct: A key demand of the Moderates was the reform of the administration, including holding simultaneous ICS examinations in India and England and increasing the recruitment of Indians into higher government services (Indianization).
• Statement 4 is correct: They consistently advocated for administrative and judicial reforms, including the separation of the judiciary from the executive, to ensure fairer administration of justice and curb arbitrary executive power

Solution: B

Explanation:

1. Global Methane Pledge – Launched by the United States and the European Union (India is not a signatory).
   1. Objective: Cut methane emissions by 30% (by 2030) compared to 2020 levels.
2. One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG) – Launched by India (an initiative for global solar power interconnection). Now under ISA (International Solar Alliance).
   1. Objective: Transnational solar grid to share renewable energy across borders.
   2. Key Projects:

1. India-Africa Grid: Solar power transfer via undersea cables.
2. Green Grids Initiative (GGI): Partnership with UK.

1. International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) – Launched by India (to conserve big cats like tigers, lions, leopards, etc.), on 50 years of Project Tiger.
   1. Objective: Protect 7 big cats (Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Cheetah, Jaguar, Puma).
   2. Funding: ₹150 crore (5 years).
2. Global Coalition for Biodiversity – Launched by the European Commission (India is not the initiator).
   1. Objective: “United for Biodiversity” – Like Paris Agreement but for biodiversity.
   2. India’s role: Not a founder, but supports 30×30 target (30% land/ocean protected by 2030).

Thus, only two (OSOWOG and IBCA) were launched by India.

Solution: C

Explanation:

• PM-JANMAN specifically focuses on 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) across 18 States and 1 UT.
• Statement 1 is correct: It provides safe housing, water, road connectivity, and other services to PVTG households.
• Statement 2 is correct: It is a multi-ministerial mission implemented through 9 ministries, focusing on 11 critical interventions (e.g., pucca houses, education, roads).

Solution: C

Explanation:
Statement-I is correct: Agrivoltaics involve elevated solar panels, allowing simultaneous crop growth beneath while shading reduces evapotranspiration. It contributes to food-energy-water nexus solutions.
Statement-II is incorrect: Agrivoltaic farming is adaptable to various agro-climatic zones, not just arid ones. It is viable where land is scarce or contested, including peri-urban, hilly, and even greenhouse-roof setups, provided there is proper solar exposure.

Solution: C

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The AFSPA allows armed forces to arrest without warrant, conduct searches, and use force (including causing death) under certain conditions.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The Governor, UT Administrator or Centre can declare an area “disturbed” without requiring Chief Minister’s consent.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: Legal proceedings against AFSPA personnel require prior sanction of the Central Government, not the Governor.

Solution: C

Explanation:
The GMP, launched by UNIDO and Climate Club at COP29, is designed to decarbonize heavy-emitting industries in developing and emerging economies.

• It does so by matchmaking these nations with global financial and technical partners, such as the World Bank, GIZ, and Climate Investment Funds.
• Unlike carbon trading schemes, it provides tailored support rather than market instruments. It focuses on “hard-to-abate” sectors and encourages technology transfer, not trade exclusivity or digital-only formats.
• Its significance lies in enabling countries like Argentina, Kenya, and Egypt to adopt low-carbon technologies without compromising industrial growth .

Correct Option: B

Justification:

Based on the passage, it is logical to assume that a good upbringing in a loving and supportive family environment is crucial for a child’s development. The passage emphasizes the importance of a happy, stable family life and states that the upbringing a child receives is more important than an academic education.

Correct Option: B

Justification:

life is not easy → pq rt av ik……………….(i)

meet people in life→ av mo la ny………….(ii)

people want easy things→ tp ha ik mo……….(iii)

your want is unlimited→ pq ax vy ha…………….(iv)

From equations (i) and (ii), we get:

life → av……..(v)

From equations (i) and (iii), we get:

easy → ik………….(vi)

From equations(ii) and (iii), we get:

people → mo………….(vii)

From equations(i) and (iv), we get:

is → pq………..(viii)

From equations (v),(vi) and (viii), we get:

not → rt…….(ix)

From equations(iii) and (iv) , we get:

want → ha…….(x)

From Equations(vi), (vii) and (x) we get:

things → tp…….(xi)

From equations(ii) , we get:

meet / in → la/ ny………(xii)

From equations(iv) , we get:

your / unlimited → ax/ vy…….(xiii)

On the basis of following Common explanation, we can infer that the code for

‘things ‘ is tp.

Hence, option ‘B’ is the correct choice.

Correct Option: C

Justification:

What is the code for ‘win like never’?

Statement I: “record inning win” is coded as “fe gu pu” and “party like win” is coded as “ho sa fe”.

Statement II: “never steal money” is coded as “ca mo pi” and “gamble money winner” is coded as “be pi ta”.

Statement III: “never forget inning” is coded as “mo gu je” and “steal party tonight” is coded as “sa de ca”.

Checking statement I and II together:

record inning win – fe gu pu ……………….. (1)

party like win – ho sa fe ……………………..(2)

never steal money – ca mo pi …………….(3)

gamble money winnner – be pi ta ……….(4)

With this we cannot find the code for ‘never and like’.

Hence data in statement I and II together is not sufficient.

Checking statement II and III together:

never steal money – ca mo pi …………….(1)

gamble money winnner – be pi ta ……….(2)

never forget inning – mo gu je …………….(3)

steal party tonight – sa de ca ……………..(4)

With this we cannot find the code for ‘win and like’.

Hence data in statement II and III together is not sufficient.

Checking all statements I, II and III:

Following schedule can be drawn with the given hints.

record inning win – fe gu pu ……………….. (1)

party like win – ho sa fe ……………………..(2)

never steal money – ca mo pi …………….(3)

gamble money winnner – be pi ta ……….(4)

never forget inning – mo gu je …………….(5)

steal party tonight – sa de ca ……………..(6)

From (1) and (2),

win – fe … (7)

From (2) and (6),

party – sa …(8)

From (2),(7) and (8),

like – ho..(9)

From (3) and (5),

never – mo.. (10)

Hence data in all the statements I, II and III are necessary to answer the question.

Hence option C is correct.

Correct Option: A

Justification:

In statement I, ‘book’ is present in both codes and ‘bn’ also. So ‘book’ – ‘bn’

In statement II, ‘she’ and ‘book’ both are present in 2 codes given, so ‘book’ can be either ‘sn’ or ‘ju’.

Correct Option: C

Justification:

In the second and third statements, the common code is ‘9a’ and the common word is ‘not’.

So, ‘9a’ means ‘not’.

In the first and second statements, the common codes are ‘7c’ and ‘3a’ and the common words are ‘is’ and ‘Eternal’.

So, in the second statement, ‘8b’ means ‘enmity’.