Discuss how fragmented urban governance frameworks contribute to the persistence of environmental and hygiene concerns in suburban regions. Suggest institutional reforms to improve civic management.

Topic: urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

Q1. Discuss how fragmented urban governance frameworks contribute to the persistence of environmental and hygiene concerns in suburban regions. Suggest institutional reforms to improve civic management. (15 M)

Difficulty Level: Easy

Reference: TH

Why the Question:
Poor waste management plagues Gerugambakkam, Kolapakkam

Key Demand of the Question:
Discuss how fragmented governance frameworks contribute to environmental and hygiene issues, followed by institutional reforms to enhance urban management.

Structure of the Answer:

Introduction:
Define fragmented urban governance and briefly explain its link to environmental and hygiene concerns in suburban areas.

Body:

• Environmental Concerns: Highlight issues such as overlapping authorities, poor planning, and weak regulatory enforcement.
• Hygiene Concerns: Mention challenges like irregular waste collection, sewage overflow, and poor public sanitation.
• Institutional Reforms: Suggest measures such as a single-window governance model, municipal empowerment, decentralized committees, digital governance tools, and an urban environmental ombudsman.

Conclusion:
Emphasize the need for integrated governance and strategic reforms for improved civic management in suburban regions.