Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Q3. What are the key factors contributing to the decline in school enrolment in India over the past decade? Analyze the socio-economic implications of this trend. (10 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the question
The Unified District Information System for Education Plus (U-DISE+) data for 2022-23 and 2023-24, which was released by the Ministry of Education on December 30, 2024, caused much consternation as it showed a 15.5 million drop (6%) in school enrolment since 2018-19.
Key demand of the question
The question requires an analysis of the primary factors behind declining school enrolment over the past decade and the socio-economic implications of this trend. It demands both a factual and analytical approach, incorporating demographic data, economic trends, and policy perspectives.
Structure of the Answer
Introduction
Start with a brief and impactful statement on India’s demographic transition, linking it to declining school enrolment. Mention U-DISE+ 2023-24 data to provide credibility.Body
- Key factors contributing to declining school enrolment – Discuss demographic shifts, economic challenges, school infrastructure, migration issues, and socio-cultural barriers as primary causes. Support with relevant reports and data.
- Socio-economic implications – Analyze how this trend affects India’s demographic dividend, gender equity, income inequality, future workforce readiness, and social stability. Use real-world examples and policy references.
Conclusion
End with a forward-looking approach, emphasizing the need for education policy reforms, skilling programs, and targeted social interventions to mitigate the long-term impact of declining enrolment.
