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General Studies – 1
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: NIE
Why the Question:
The continued global recognition of Chola bronzes as symbols of India’s rich artistic heritage, highlighted by scholarly works and exhibitions emphasizing their religious and cultural significance.
Key Demand of the Question:
The question demands an analysis of how Chola bronzes served both as sacred objects of religious devotion and as artistic masterpieces, while also reflecting the socio-political dynamics of the Chola period, such as royal patronage, religious practices, and economic conditions.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Briefly introduce the Chola bronzes as iconic symbols of Indian art and spirituality, known for their religious importance and exceptional craftsmanship.Body:
- Role as sacred objects of devotion: Explain their significance in temple rituals, religious processions, Bhakti practices, and community worship, representing divine energy and spiritual connection.
- Role as artistic masterpieces: Discuss the technical mastery (lost-wax technique), aesthetic qualities, iconography, naturalistic detailing, and dynamic forms that elevate them as exceptional works of art.
- Reflection of the socio-political environment: Analyze how they mirrored the Chola dynasty’s imperial power, religious patronage, economic prosperity, political expansion, and social structure, including the role of women patrons and temple networks.
Conclusion:
Conclude by emphasizing that Chola bronzes are not just historical relics but enduring symbols of India’s cultural identity, representing the fusion of art, religion, and politics, and influencing global perceptions of Indian heritage.
Topic: Role of women and women’s organization
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: PIB
Why the Question:
Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology; said here today that some of the women-led StartUps from India are making a global mark.
Key Demand of the Question:
The question demands an analysis of the factors enabling the rise of women entrepreneurs in India and an evaluation of how their presence contributes to broader social changes, such as gender equality, economic empowerment, and cultural transformation.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Briefly introduce the emergence of women-led startups as a transformative force in India’s socio-economic landscape, highlighting the role of policy reforms, digital access, and changing societal norms.Body:
- Key Factors Driving Growth: Discuss factors like government schemes, access to digital technology, educational empowerment, supportive startup ecosystems, changing societal attitudes, and global market access.
- Contribution to Societal Transformation: Explain how these startups promote economic empowerment, gender equality, leadership opportunities, inclusive development, role modeling, and progressive social norms.
Conclusion:
Conclude by emphasizing that women-led startups are not just economic entities but catalysts for social change, fostering inclusive growth, breaking gender barriers, and shaping a more equitable society.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the Question:
The recent parliamentary debates on the motion of thanks to the president’s address, highlighting its role in executive accountability and parliamentary democracy, especially in the context of discussions on key governance issues.
Key Demand of the Question:
The question demands an analysis of how the motion of thanks serves as an instrument for holding the executive accountable and its significance in enhancing democratic governance. It also requires a critical evaluation of its effectiveness, including both its strengths and limitations.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Briefly introduce the motion of thanks as a constitutional requirement under Article 87, emphasizing its role as a platform for parliamentary scrutiny of the executive.Body:
- Role in ensuring executive accountability: Explain how it provides an opportunity for parliamentary debate on government policies, facilitates questioning of the executive, and acts as an indirect test of confidence.
- Positive contributions to democratic governance: Discuss its role in promoting transparency, strengthening the opposition’s role, encouraging policy debates, and facilitating public awareness.
- Challenges in its effectiveness: Critically analyze issues like partisan debates, majoritarian dominance, frequent disruptions, and its non-binding nature, which may limit its impact.
Conclusion:
Conclude by emphasizing that while the motion of thanks is an important tool for executive accountability, reforms to ensure meaningful debates and bipartisan participation can further strengthen its role in India’s parliamentary democracy.
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: PIB
Why the Question:
Lok Sabha Speaker said that friendship between India and Russia serves as a shining example of cooperation and diplomacy for the world to emulate. Highlighting historic and deep-rooted friendship between the two countries, he noted that India-Russia bilateral ties are seen as very special at global stage.
Key Demand of the Question:
The question demands an analysis of the historical and strategic depth of India-Russia relations, their role as a model of international diplomacy, and the challenges affecting this bilateral relationship in the current global context.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Briefly introduce the historical foundations and the evolution of India-Russia ties into a Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership, reflecting diplomatic resilience.Body:
- Robust and Time-Tested Friendship: Discuss key pillars like defense cooperation, economic ties, energy partnership, and space collaboration that define their longstanding relationship.
- Shining Example of Cooperation and Diplomacy: Highlight how their ties reflect strategic autonomy, multilateral collaboration, energy security, and cultural diplomacy, serving as a model for other nations.
- Challenges in the Relationship: Address emerging issues such as geopolitical shifts (Russia-China ties), trade imbalances, defense dependencies, and the impact of global sanctions.
Conclusion:
Emphasize the need for diversification of cooperation in new areas like technology and green energy while maintaining strategic autonomy, ensuring the partnership remains relevant in a changing global order.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: TH
Why the Question:
The increasing focus on India’s demographic dividend and the need for employment generation, especially in rural areas, to achieve the Viksit Bharat goal.
Key Demand of the Question:
The question demands an explanation of what constitutes aspiration-centric jobs, an analysis of their importance for youth in the context of India’s demographic dividend and rural development, and the suggestion of strategies to promote such jobs for sustainable growth.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Define aspiration-centric jobs as employment opportunities that align with the evolving ambitions of India’s youth, offering growth, skill development, and socio-economic mobility.Body:
- What are aspiration-centric jobs: Explain the characteristics of these jobs, such as their focus on personal growth, technology-driven roles, entrepreneurial opportunities, and social recognition.
- Importance for demographic dividend and rural development: Discuss how these jobs are critical to harnessing the demographic dividend by reducing youth unemployment, curbing rural-urban migration, and fostering rural entrepreneurship.
- Strategies to promote such jobs: Suggest measures like skill development programs, rural infrastructure development, support for entrepreneurship, public-private partnerships, and leveraging technology for rural job creation.
Conclusion:
Emphasize that aspiration-centric jobs are key to transforming India’s demographic potential into a demographic dividend, ensuring inclusive growth, rural development, and economic resilience for a Viksit Bharat by 2047.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: NIE
Why the Question:
India-led international Big Cat Alliance comes into force.
Key Demand of the Question:
The question demands an analysis of how conservation strategies should evolve to tackle biodiversity loss and climate change simultaneously and how the IBCA provides an integrated, collaborative model for addressing these interconnected challenges globally.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Briefly introduce the interconnection between biodiversity loss and climate change, highlighting their mutual reinforcement and the need for integrated conservation models like IBCA.Body:
- Why Conservation Strategies Must Adapt: Explain the dual challenges posed by biodiversity loss and climate change, emphasizing the need for ecosystem-based approaches, climate-resilient corridors, community involvement, and adaptive conservation policies.
- How IBCA Serves as a Model: Analyze IBCA’s role as an example of integrated conservation through its global collaboration, multi-species focus, knowledge-sharing platforms, funding mechanisms, climate-linked conservation efforts, and community-based participation.
Conclusion
Conclude by emphasizing that IBCA reflects a forward-looking, holistic conservation model, demonstrating how future global conservation efforts can integrate ecological protection with climate resilience effectively.
General Studies – 4
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: InsightsIAS
Why the Question:
The understanding of the complementary role of emotional intelligence (EI) alongside cognitive intelligence (IQ) in ensuring effective, ethical, and people-centric administration.
Key Demand of the Question:
Critically analyze how emotional intelligence is essential in administrative functioning, the potential consequences of its absence, and suggest ways to inculcate EI in public administration.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction:
Briefly define emotional intelligence and its relevance in public administration, highlighting its role beyond cognitive abilities.Body:
- Importance of EI: Explain how EI enhances decision-making, conflict resolution, ethical governance, and leadership effectiveness in administration.
- Consequences of Lacking EI: Discuss administrative failures like rigidity, ethical lapses, poor crisis handling, and loss of public trust due to the absence of EI.
- Ways to Inculcate EI: Suggest methods such as training programs, mentorship, feedback systems, and stress management practices to develop EI among civil servants.
Conclusion:
Emphasize the need for a balanced approach where cognitive skills are complemented by emotional intelligence for ethical, efficient, and citizen-centric governance.
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