Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.
Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Rainy days are known to contribute to depression and sadness. People become nostalgic and melancholic, remembering lost loves, remembering first loves. But I see in rain the magic that is life; I see freedom from the scorching heat and that angst within; I see healing and wisdom. It is manna, a windfall, a boon, a godsend. So as much as I find myself loathing the monsoon season, I have also come to understand that it is essential. It is something we must all make our peace with and show gratitude for.
Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
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- There’s no gloom associated with the rain.
- Those who feel sad during rainy season need not express gratitude for the monsoon season.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation
- Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Rainy days are known to contribute to depression and sadness. People become nostalgic and melancholic, remembering lost loves, remembering first loves.” In the first line, the author mentions the negativity (depression, sadness etc.) that people feel on rainy days. Later, in the passage, he has mentioned the positivity he sees in the rain for him. So it would be incorrect to say that people don’t suffer from negativity or gloom during rainy season.
- Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Rainy days are known to contribute to depression and sadness. People become nostalgic and melancholic, remembering lost loves, remembering first loves.” Also, refer to the last line: “It is something we must all make our peace with and show gratitude for.” This answer option tries to link these – the first and the last lines of the passage, which is never intended by the author. In fact, the author recommends that all of us, irrespective of whether we feel sad or happy, should express gratitude to the monsoon season. So this assumption is incorrect.
Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation
- Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Rainy days are known to contribute to depression and sadness. People become nostalgic and melancholic, remembering lost loves, remembering first loves.” In the first line, the author mentions the negativity (depression, sadness etc.) that people feel on rainy days. Later, in the passage, he has mentioned the positivity he sees in the rain for him. So it would be incorrect to say that people don’t suffer from negativity or gloom during rainy season.
- Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Rainy days are known to contribute to depression and sadness. People become nostalgic and melancholic, remembering lost loves, remembering first loves.” Also, refer to the last line: “It is something we must all make our peace with and show gratitude for.” This answer option tries to link these – the first and the last lines of the passage, which is never intended by the author. In fact, the author recommends that all of us, irrespective of whether we feel sad or happy, should express gratitude to the monsoon season. So this assumption is incorrect.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Developmental systems theory recognizes that the developing organism is not simply a passive recipient of environmental inputs, but rather an active agent of its own development. This model posits a dynamic and recursive relationship between the individual organism and its environment, with each shaping and being shaped by the other over time. This perspective highlights the bidirectional nature of development, with the organism actively seeking out and constructing its own environments in ways that are consistent with its inherent tendencies and capacities. Moreover, this perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding development as a nonlinear, multidimensional, and contextually bound process. Developmental outcomes are not predetermined by genetic endowment, nor are they the inevitable result of environmental inputs. Rather, they emerge from the complex and reciprocal interplay between genetic and environmental factors, which interact in complex and often unpredictable ways to shape the course of development. Central to this perspective is the concept of developmental plasticity, which refers to the capacity of the developing organism to modify its own structure and function in response to environmental inputs. This capacity for adaptive change is not limited to early childhood, but persists throughout the lifespan, reflecting the ongoing interplay between the organism and its environment.
Consider the following statements:
- Developmental outcomes are exclusively determined by genetic factors.
- The developing organism is an active agent in its own development.
Which of the above given statements is/are valid assumption as made out in the passage?
Correct
Answer: B
- Statement 1 is incorrect: The assumption that developmental outcomes are solely determined by genetic factors is not correct as per the passage because the developmental outcomes emerge from the complex and reciprocal interplay between genetic and environmental factors, which interact in complex and often unpredictable ways to shape the course of development. The passage explicitly states that developmental outcomes are not predetermined by genetic endowment alone, nor are they solely the inevitable result of environmental inputs alone.
- Statement 2 is correct: The assumption that the developing organism is an active agent in its own development is correct as per the passage because the passage explicitly states that developmental systems theory recognizes the developing organism as an active agent of its own development. The model posits a dynamic and recursive relationship between the individual organism and its environment, with each shaping and being shaped by the other over time.
Incorrect
Answer: B
- Statement 1 is incorrect: The assumption that developmental outcomes are solely determined by genetic factors is not correct as per the passage because the developmental outcomes emerge from the complex and reciprocal interplay between genetic and environmental factors, which interact in complex and often unpredictable ways to shape the course of development. The passage explicitly states that developmental outcomes are not predetermined by genetic endowment alone, nor are they solely the inevitable result of environmental inputs alone.
- Statement 2 is correct: The assumption that the developing organism is an active agent in its own development is correct as per the passage because the passage explicitly states that developmental systems theory recognizes the developing organism as an active agent of its own development. The model posits a dynamic and recursive relationship between the individual organism and its environment, with each shaping and being shaped by the other over time.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
What does the concept of developmental plasticity refer to, according to the passage?
Correct
Answer: B
- The passage states that developmental plasticity refers to the capacity of the developing organism to modify its own structure and function in response to environmental inputs. This capacity for adaptive change is not limited to early childhood, but persists throughout the lifespan.
Incorrect
Answer: B
- The passage states that developmental plasticity refers to the capacity of the developing organism to modify its own structure and function in response to environmental inputs. This capacity for adaptive change is not limited to early childhood, but persists throughout the lifespan.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Since ancient times in India, mother earth has been considered a divine entity and her worship is an integral part of the country’s civilizational ethos. One can find numerous reverential references to mother earth in the Vedas. In tune with this divine knowledge, Indian farmers since ancient times have followed sustainable and holistic agricultural practices. With changing times and a growing population, agriculturists adopted modern scientific techniques. Extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides led to the deterioration of soil health and contamination of water bodies and the food chain, which pose serious health risks to people and livestock.
According to the passage, what has led to food chain contamination?
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- Increasing demand for food by a growing population
- Judicious use of fertilizers
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation
- Statement 1 is correct. The passage mentions, “With changing times and a growing population, agriculturists adopted modern scientific techniques. Extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides led to the deterioration of soil health and contamination of water bodies and the food chain.” It implies that unsustainable practices like excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides to meet the needs of a growing population have led to food contamination. So this statement is correct.
- Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides led to the deterioration of soil health and contamination of water bodies and the food chain.” It implies that ‘extensive’ use of fertilizers and pesticides led to food chain contamination. So a judicious use of fertilizer as a modern scientific practice cannot be assumed as a reason behind food chain contamination. So this statement is incorrect
Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation
- Statement 1 is correct. The passage mentions, “With changing times and a growing population, agriculturists adopted modern scientific techniques. Extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides led to the deterioration of soil health and contamination of water bodies and the food chain.” It implies that unsustainable practices like excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides to meet the needs of a growing population have led to food contamination. So this statement is correct.
- Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides led to the deterioration of soil health and contamination of water bodies and the food chain.” It implies that ‘extensive’ use of fertilizers and pesticides led to food chain contamination. So a judicious use of fertilizer as a modern scientific practice cannot be assumed as a reason behind food chain contamination. So this statement is incorrect
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
What is the critical inference that can be drawn from the passage?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation
The passage explains that normal science is based on the assumption that the scientific community has an accurate understanding of the world and is willing to defend that assumption. The passage also notes that new ideas are often suppressed in normal science because they challenge the prevalent notions. The author wishes to communicate that scientific progress is hindered by the scientific community’s resistance as they do not want to lose their tag of ‘experts
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation
The passage explains that normal science is based on the assumption that the scientific community has an accurate understanding of the world and is willing to defend that assumption. The passage also notes that new ideas are often suppressed in normal science because they challenge the prevalent notions. The author wishes to communicate that scientific progress is hindered by the scientific community’s resistance as they do not want to lose their tag of ‘experts
