Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.
Q1. Explain the difference between primary, secondary, and surface waves generated during an earthquake. How do these waves contribute to the damage caused? (10 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: NIE
Why the Question
A tremor of 3.2 magnitude jolted Gujarat’s Kutch district on Sunday morning as per the Institute of Seismological Research (ISR)Key Demand of the Question
Explain the distinctions between primary, secondary, and surface waves in terms of speed, motion, medium, and impact, and analyze how each type contributes to earthquake damage.Structure of the Answer
Introduction
Briefly introduce seismic waves as energy released during earthquakes, emphasizing their role in determining the extent and nature of damage.Body
- Differences between the three waves: Discuss primary, secondary, and surface waves in terms of their characteristics like speed, motion, medium, and destruction potential.
- Damage contribution: Analyze how P-waves act as a warning, S-waves cause structural damage, and surface waves lead to extensive destruction.
Conclusion
Conclude by emphasizing the importance of understanding seismic waves for early warning systems, disaster preparedness, and resilient infrastructure planning.
